Parapsychology Essay, Research Paper
In the past centuries people have been becoming more and more curious about the
unexplainable things all around them. They are always asking why does this
happen? and is that really true? Not until recently have scientists and others
actually tried to find out for themselves. Many of their searches evolved around
the paranormal. Soon they called their search parapsychology Parapsychology can
be defined as the study of apparent new means of communication, or exchange of
influence between organisms and environment, (CRL Parapsychology FAQ 2). It can
also be considered the science that lies beyond psychology. But for easier terms
it is many often times called the scientific study of certain unusual events
associated with human experience. These experiments have been called psychic for
want of a better term (KPU-Research 2). The experiments study the unique
experiences and an unknown capability of the human mind that suggests
consciousness is capable of interacting with the physical world that is not
always recognized by science. But, it is not beyond science`s ability to
investigate (Some common terms in parapsychology 1). Parapsychology has also
been coined ⌠an anomalous cognition and clairsentience (Psychic Phenomena
[The Omniverse] 1). Often parapsychology is shortened to PSI. Parapsychology is
not the study of just anything paranormal or bizarre. It is not concerned with
astrology, UFO`s, Bigfoot, paganism, vampires, alchemy or witchcraft. It is
often linked inappropriately with a broad range of psychic entertainers,
magicians and so-called paranormal investigators (CRL Parapsychology FAQ 3).
What often passes for psychic is actually fraud, delusion or fantasy
(Consciousness Research Laboratory Home Page 1). There are many subjects
involved in PSI. They are telepathy, ESP, Premonition/Precognition, NDE,
Clairvoyance, Reincarnation, Haunting, OBE, Psychokinesis/Telekinesis,
Poltergeist, and channeling. Telepathy literally means distant
feeling/perception. It is generally considered to be energy transference between
sentient creatures. Where at least one party will be absorbing the
thoughts/feelings of the other into its mind (Psychic Phenomena [The Omniverse]
2). It is direct mind-to-mind communication, commonly thought of as mind reading
but actually rarely involves perception of thoughts, and does not logically
require communication between two minds (CRL Parapsychology FAQ 2). Telepathy
should not be considered an OBE (out of body experience) of any kind. The body
is not transcended in a spiritual sense, but thought processes or energies might
be brought toward the mind and body. It sometimes is considered to be the means
of communication with the other side, or afterlife and those already residing
there. In some cases it is considered remote viewing (Psychic Phenomena [The
Omniverse] 4). In other cases it is explained as clairvoyance or precognition (CRL
Parapsychology FAQ 4). By definition you can not practice telepathy on your own,
a person has to adapt to it. It has not been possible to do in practice; to find
out exactly who the other person is with whom you are interacting (Telepathy 2).
Telepathy can take years to develop, it does not just happen. It can actually be
a symptom of a mental disorder; this makes it awkward to research. It can happen
like this, a person who has lived in a childhood which was not ideal (abusive)
stores anger in the cortex of the brain. After about 25 years the natural
defense mechanism begins to break down and the consequence is ⌠inner
thoughts■ that can be very loud and may appear as telepathy. It happens
that the brain does not want to associate the thoughts with what happened, so
the person convinces himself it is telepathy. And in some cases this will work
and in others it will not and a mental illness can result. ESP stands for
Extra-Sensory Perception. It is a general term for obtaining information about
events beyond the reach of the normal senses (CRL Parapsychology FAQ 2). It can
be considered telepathy, clairvoyance, precognition, and psychic experiences
(Some common terms in Parapsychology 1). Premonition/Precognition is the ability
to obtain information about future events, where the information could not be
inferred though normal means. Many people report dreams that appear to be
precognition (CRL Parapsychology FAQ 3). It literally means pre-knowing. And is
usually considered to be ⌠visions,■ wherein the seer witnesses an
event that may or may not happen. It is taken seriously by a great number of
people, yet it still is scientifically unproven. The converse application would
be postcogniton (Psychic Phenomena [The Omniverse] 4). Psychokinesis/Telekinesis
literally means ⌠distant motion■. It is mind over matter. It
includes moving objects with the mind and disruption or affecting the molecular
composition of an object. Levitation and spoon bending are common examples. It
also includes the sub-category of pyrokinesis. Which is a trait or ability that
allows the spontaneous combustion of objects (may include other people) whether
at pyrokinetic▓s will or not. Any form of ⌠kinesis■ falls into
this category (Psychic Phenomena [The Omniverse] 3). It is also called PK. And
another sub-topic is Bio-PK (CRL Parapsychology FAQ 3). In rare cases it may
involve obvious movement of objects, but most contemporary research studies PK
influences on atomic or electrionical processes (Some Common terms in
Parapsychology 1). Near death experiences (NDE) often refers to a core
experience that includes feelings of peace, OBE, seeing lights and other
phenomena. Those who were revived from nearly dying (CRL Parapsychology FAQ 3)
report the experiences (CRL Parapsychology FAQ 3). People can not forget that
mankind all through its history has left traces of believing in life after
death. Only in this century has the belief changed because of science
(Parapsychology and Survival after Death √ Psychical Research 2).
Clairvoyance is obtaining information about events at remote locations, beyond
the reach of normal senses. It is sometimes called remote viewing (CRL
Parapsychology FAQ 4). It is a term used to see from afar. And literally means
⌠clear seeing■. If it were purely auditory it would be called
clairaudience. Even though it can not be proven scientifically it is still
believed by a great many people. It is basically the same as an OBE, and
possibly even remote viewing. Clairvoyance is when one supposedly transcends
his/her body and travels about at will in the form of energy, a spirit, or on
the quantum level, this would be considered controlled clairvoyance. Some
consider it communicating with the ⌠other side■ or the after life.
It is different from telepathy because an actual vision is not necessarily an
emotional transference between organisms (Psychic Phenomena [The Omniverse] 3).
Reincarnation is the belief that we live successive lives, with evidence coming
from the apparent recollections of previous lives by very small children (CRL
Parapsychology FAQ 5). Out of Body Experience (OBE) is the experience of feeling
separated from the body. Is often accompanied by visual perceptions as though
from above the body (CRL Parapsychology FAQ 4). It usually occurs during sleep,
narcosis, or other circumstanes. People have actually seen their bodies from a
distant point in space. Others observed activities in his/her hospital room
while in a coma (Parapsychology and Survival after Death √ Psychical
Research 2). Haunting is recurrent phenomena reported to occur in particular
locations that include apparitions, sound, movement of objects and other effects
(CRL Parapsychology FAQ 6). Ghosts are often associated with hauntings. Many
times this question arises ⌠Are ghosts real?■. The view today is
that mischievous physical effects historically attributed to ghosts (disembodied
spirits), such as movement of objects, strange sounds, enigmatic odors, failure
of electrical equipment, are actually poltergeist phenomena (CRL Parapsychology
FAQ2 5). Channeling is the claim that a departed spirit or other non-physical
entity, speaks through a sensitive person. In the late 1800▓s it was
called mediumship. Similar claims of communication can be found almost anywhere
though out history and across most cultures. Some researchers believe that cases
of exceptionable prodigies, like Mozart in music or Ramanujan in mathematics,
provide evidence of genuine channeling. Although some stories may be true,
others are completely nonsense. Revealed religions and some visionary
experiences are versions of channeling information. Whether the information came
from a paranormal source or from the channeler▓s unconscious is unknown (CRL
Parapsychology FAQ2 4). Poltergeists are large-scale PK phenomena often
attributed to spirits. But which are now thought to be due to a living person,
frequently adolescent (CRL Parapsychology FAQ 4). Poltergeist comes from the
German word meaning ⌠noisy ghosts■. They usually manifest strange
electrical effects and unexplained movement of objects. They are sometimes
thought to be ghosts. The term ⌠RS PK■ means ⌠Recurrent
Spontaneous PK■ was coined to describe this concept (CRL Parapsychology
FAQ 6). DIFFERENCES BETWEEN HAUNTINGS AND POLETERGEISTS HAUNTINGS POLTERGEISTS -
Are spirits of deceased human beings appearing frequently in certain places. -
Usually related to a specific place or tragic way of death – Are appearances of
ghost(s) in areas known to the deceased before their deaths. – Activities are
continuous over time, concentrated in the same area. – Are not violent
(Poltergeists 3). – May not be spirits at all. Some theories are that
poltergeists are mass forms of energy that a living person is unknowingly
controlling. – Are usually linked to a specific person or object. – Can be
triggered by a living person▓s trauma in any area, at any time. – Build up
over time to a climax, then start over and can travel anywhere. – Most nearing
the climax of their energy can become dangerous to the living. Inflicting both
mental and physical terror in extreme cases. (Poltergeists 3). There are five
stages of a poltergeist, from level one all the way up to level five when they
become dangerous. FIVE STAGES OF A POLTERGEIST LEVEL DESCRIPTION CHARACTERISTICS
Level 1 Senses Attack Early stages – the activity mainly revolves around the
human body▓s five senses. Cold spots, noises, odors/smells, hearing
footsteps, unusual animal activity, feeling of being watched Level 2
communication Noises and smells turn more direct, still at basic level but
turned up a few notches. Whispers, laughs/giggles, moans/shrieking, moving,
shadows, and breeze in closed areas, visible clouds, and marks on floors/walls
(not writing). Level 3 Electrical control Poltergeist begins to make is presence
felt. It is hard not to notice something real is happening (level that the
classic haunting falls into). Lights/electrical appliances turning on and off,
unseen hands grabbing/touching, doors that open and close, hearing voices or
words clearly, full apparitions or dark figures, strange telephone calls. Level
4 Trick-ster Stage May seem that a harmful ghost is getting playful; gains
information. Flying objects, objects disappearing and reappearing elsewhere,
shaking furniture, pushing/shaking people, creating visions/illusions, fires
starting, speaking in ordering tones, household objects breaking for no reason.
Level 5 Danger Level Poltergeist is at its highest energy point and should be
considered dangerous. Varies determining the poltergeist, could last days,
months or years. After this poltergeist goes dormant and the cycle begins again.
Dangerous activity, biting, slapping/punching, rape, fires and burning, blood on
walls, attacked by unseen forces, hair pulled, flying knives or sharp objects,
threatening writings or visual signs. Poltergeists can be linked to an object in
your possession, if you think so, get rid of it. Do not try to move or runaway
√ it will be a waste of time. If you think you are encountering
poltergeist activity find a priest or a local paranormal research group
(Poltergeists 4). To find a job dealing with parapsychology would be very
difficult. One source said that at the present time there are no accredited
programs in psi anywhere in the United States. This does not mean that classes
are not offered, but a person can not get an accredited degree in this topic. If
your primary interest is psi then things can get tough. You will have to forget
most mainstream academic institutions. In terms of realistic career advice, note
that psi is considered ⌠marginal■ at best by mainstream psychology.
The situation in some countries is different, especially England. There are
actually only a few dozen parapsychologists in the world working with
parapsychology, and even fewer getting paid a reasonable salary to do so. Many
students get a degree in something else and still study psi (usually discretely
because it is so thought down upon) (CRL Parapsychology FAQ2 6). There are some
exceptions, and requirements as to what a person can do and still deal with
parapsychology. – Psychological and sociological studies about belief in psychic
phenomena are acceptable topics. – As are anthropological studies of psychic
practices and rituals as expressed in societies. – Pursuing psi as a career also
requires strong entrepreneurial skills, enormous persistence and creativity,
resourcefulness, solid training in one or more of the mainstream sciences or in
a scholarly discipline, and the ability to acknowledge but not acquiesce to the
fads of conventional wisdom. – If you expect fast solutions to easy problems, or
absolute answers to clear questions, then psi is not for you. – If you enjoy
exploring the full range of human potential and challenging status quo, then
there is no better discipline than psi (CRL Parapsychology FAQ2 5). Another
source claimed that there are colleges where parapsychology is being studied.
The first is Parapsychological Association (PA). It is an international
professional society founded in 1957. And then there is the American Association
for the advancement in science founded in 1969 (CRL Parapsychology FAQ 7). There
actually is a decent job for psychics out there, besides television commercials
and so on. Psychic spies have a home at the CIA. The project was first called
⌠Project Grill Flame.■ Then it changed its name to ⌠Center
Lane and Sunstreak.■ The unit was launched in the early 1970▓s. The
group of people was first called ⌠Project Scanate■ which stood for
⌠Scan by coordinate.■ Program managers recruited subjects who
demonstrated psychic abilities. The people were placed in darkened rooms and
given latitude and longitude and asked what they ⌠saw■. The CIA
found this useful, but never really relied on it (Psychic Spies Have a Home at
the CIA 2). Some of the things the psychics saw were unbelievable. One
remote-viewer described an airfield in a different country. The CIA was
impressed but critical. It turned out to be the Soviet Union▓s
ultra-secret nuclear testing area at Semipalalinsh (Psychic Spies Have a Home at
the CIA 3). Another test involved a Soviet Tu-95 ⌠Backfire Bomber■.
The CIA knew it had crashed somewhere in Africa and wanted to find it first. So
a psychic was told to locate the bomber and he did within several miles of the
actual location (Psychic Spies Have a Home at the CIA 3). Remote viewers have
been employed in most international crises over the last two decades. One remote
viewer said, ⌠We were always able to survive, when we stuck to what we did
best: just a guy sitting in a dark room, or even a lit room, focusing on what
was happening elsewhere┘ There was no shaking, no big trance, no spirit
entities speaking in different voices, nothing hoodoo voodoo. It seems to work
enough times to make it valuable as a tip if you will, to where the CIA folks,
or our satellites should be looking■ (Psychic Spies Have a Home at the CIA
3). There are many implications of parapsychology. – Physicists = tend to be
interested in parapsychology because of the implication that we have a gross
misunderstanding about space and time and the transmission of energy and