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Outline
I. Introduction
A. Introduction to paper industry
1. paper applications
2. employment
3. import/export
B. Traditional paper making process
C. Response to paper demand
1. EPA/ Government regulations
2. New methods
D. Objective: To discuss the impact that current methods of paper production
have on the environment, and the advances in developing new
technologies and alternative products that are being used to
mitigate impacts
II. Environmental Impact of Timber Procurement
A. Deforestation
1. Benefits of a forest
a. carbons
b. fossil fuel burning
2. Environmental effects of deforestation
a. industry acknowledgement of environmental effects
1. global warming
2. loss of wildlife
3. reduction of water quality
4. decrease of natural fish species
3. Clear Cutting
a. popular by logging industry
b. clear cutting benefits
c. negatives to clear cutting
4. Selective cutting
a. selection process
1. advantages
2. disadvantages
b. Cutting rotations
5. Replanting
a. Foresters efforts
b. Study of forest replanting
c. IIED
d. International Paper Company
e. Positives and negatives
III. Alternative Paper Products
A. Paper company experiments
B. AFPA
C. Wood fiber plants to alternative processing/ recycling plants
D. Kenaf
1. plant description
2. pest resistant
3. processing requires less chemicals
a. whiter than wood/less bleach
b. lower lignin
c. fewer chemicals/less energy
E. Hemp
1. plant description/growth rate
2. fiber replacement
3. lower lignin/lower chemicals/less energy
F. Alternative product summation
1. more technology/more experimentation
2. deterrants/money
3. current alternative product companies
IV. Joint environmental Research
A. The national Audobon Society/International Paper Company
B. Description of the study
C. Other participants
V. Pulp and Paper Production Process
A. Lumber is debarked
B. Wood fibers are separated from lignin
1. glue like substance
2. chemical pulping
3. chemicals and heat break down lignin
4. emission of air pollutants
a. formaldehyde
c. methanol
d. acetaldehyde
e. methyl ethyl ketone
D. Pulp bleaching
1. 50% of pulp produced in the U.S
2. bleaching process chemicals
VI. Governmental Regulations on the Pulp and Paper Industry
A. EPA Regulations
1. non-compliance= fines
B. Investment in pollution control
C. EPA GOAL
VII. Methods Employed to Reduces the Environmental Impact of Pulp Production
A. Waste wood for bark
B. Spent liquor for fuel
C. Wet scrubbers, fabric filters etc.
D. Reduction in chlorine
VIII. Conclusion
A. The paper industry is making great strides to implement alternate methods that have a wholly positive impact on the environment.
B. There is a need to continue to improve porcution processes
C. Continued use of recycled paper/decreasing need for timber
D. Continual regulation by the government
E. Result in improvements in the long term environmental impacts of the paper
Industry on the environment.