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Untitled Essay Research Paper By The Institute (стр. 2 из 2)

Churches to the present day is a strong proof of the generally tolerant attitude

of the Mohammedan [sic] governments towards them.” (Emphasis added.)

Islam does not teach nor do Muslims desire conversion of any people for

fear, greed, marriage or any other form of coercion.

In conclusion, jihad in Islam is striving in the

way of Allah by pen, tongue, hand, media and, if inevitable, with arms.

However, jihad in Islam does not include striving for individual or national

power, dominance, glory, wealth, prestige or pride.

M. Amir Ali, Ph.D.

REFERENCES:

1. For the sake of simplicity and easy reading, masculine pronouns have been

used throughout this brochure. No exclusion of females is intended.

2. Haykal, M.H., THE LIFE OF MUHAMMAD, Tr. Ismail R. Faruqi, American Trust

Publications, 1976, p. 132.

3. Haykal, pp. 216, 242, 299 and 414 for the Battles of Badr, Uhud, Al-Khandaq

and Hunayn, respectively.

4. Haykal, p. 395 for the Conquest of Makkah.

5. Haykal, pp. 245, 277, 311 and 326 for campaigns agaist the tribes of Banu

Qaynuqa’, Banu Al-Nadir, Banu Qurayzah and Banu Lihyan, respectively. Also,

see p. 283 for the Battle of Dhat Al-Riqa’.

6. Haykal, pp. 284, 327, 366, 387, 393, 443 and 515 for the Battles of Dawmat

Al-Jandal, Banu Al-Mustaliq, Khayber, Mu’tah, Dhat Al-Salasil, Tabuk and

the Campaign of Usama Ibn Zayd, respectively.

7. Hitti, Philip K., HISTORY OF THE ARABS, St. Martin’s Press, New York,

1970, p. 153.

8. Arnold, Sir Thomas W., THE PREACHING OF ISLAM, A HISTORY OF THE PROPAGATION

OF THE MUSLIM FAITH, Westminister A. Constable & Co., London, 1896, p.

80.

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