3) Peter saw an urgent message on his table. Somebody (leave) it the day before.
4) I apologized I (not/phone) her.
5) Mr. Jackson said that he (already/buy) everything for lunch.
4. Past Perfect / Past Simple. Choose the correct variant (выберите правильный вариант).
1) We were late. The meeting (start) an hour before.
a) started
b) had started
2) That morning she (dress), (phone) somebody, and went out.
a) dressed
b) had dressed
a) phoned
b) had phoned
3) That morning she went out after she (phone) somebody.
a) phoned
b) had phoned
4) He has tired because he (work) hard in the garden all day.
a) worked
b) had worked
5) After I (write) all my letters, I went to the kitchen to make coffee.
a) wrote
b) had written
6) He (already promise) to play football with his friends.
a) already promised
b) had already promised
5. Past Perfect / Present Perfect. Choose the correct variant (выберите правильный вариант).
1) Why are you looking so unhappy? – I … my purse.
a) have lost
b) had lost
2) Mother asked the children if they … some biscuits for tea.
a) has bought
b) had bought
3) Tell Tommy about these wonderful islands. He … about them.
a) has never heard
b) had never heard
4) I’m so happy to see you again. I … you since I left London.
a) haven’t seen
b) hadn’t seen
5) She said she … him since she left London.
a) hasn’t seen
b) hadn’t seen
UNIT 9
| Grammar: Past Continuous Tense. |
TEXT
Talking business
Rossimport is interested in buying pumps for a new shop of a large plant in Siberia [sai'biэria]. The shop is already under construction and the customers require the goods.
Urgently, as they must complete the construction of the shop by the end of the year, Mr. Borisov, a representative of Rossimport, who deals in this kind of equipment, got instructions to buy pumps from a British company. As soon as he arrived in London he contacted Bond & Co., a leading manufacturer of pumps. Mr. Stanley, the manager of the company, invited him to come to his office.
Vocabulary
1. a pump [рλmp] – насос
2. a shop [ʃэр] – цех
3. to be under construction – строиться
4. urgently [’ә:dзәntli] – срочно
5. to complete [kәm'pliit] – заканчивать
6. a representative [repri’zentәtiv] – представитель
7. to deal [di:l] (in) – заниматься чем-либо
(with) – торговать с кем-либо
8. an instruction [in’strλkʃn] – инструкция
9. leading [’li:diŋ] – ведущий
10. a manufacturer [’mænju’fæktʃәrә] – изготовитель
11. to place an order (with) – размещать заказ (у)
12. immediate [i’mi:djэt] – срочный, немедленный
13. balance (of) – остаток
14. to contact – связаться
15. to ship – отгружать
16. a lot – партия (товара)
17. shipping facilities – транспортные средства
18. to change for the better – измениться к лучшему
WORD STUDY
1. Fill in the blanks with words or word-combinations from the text (вставьте правильные слова, используя текст).
1) He … Bond & Co. A … … of pumps.
2) The customers require the goods… .
3) They must … the construction of the shop … … of the year.
4) The shop is already … …
5) He got … to buy pumps from a British company.
2. Put prepositions where necessary (вставьте предлоги).
1) Rossimport is interested … buying pumps.
2) They must complete the construction … The shop … the end … the year.
3) Who deals … this kind … equipment?
4) A large plant … Siberia.
5) Mr. Stanley, the manager … the company.
3. Put all possible questions to the following sentences (задайте все возможные вопросы к следующим предложениям).
1) The shop is already under construction.
2) Mr. Borisov is a representative of Rossimport.
3) Rossimport is interested in buying pumps for a new shop.
GRAMMAR PRACTICE
4. Open the brackets using Past Continuous Tense (откройте скобки, используя Past Continuous Tense).
1) When I arrived, Tom (lie) on the sofa and (speak) over the phone.
2) The police caught Dan when he (rob) a shop.
3) He couldn’t speak because he (die) of laugh.
4) What you (do) between one and two? – I (play) the piano and heard nothing.
5) When you rang me yesterday I (have) a bath.
6) I (sit) by the window when I heard the noise.
7) At six o’clock I (wait) for Jane at one station.
5. Past Continuous / Past Simple. Choose the correct variant (выберите правильный вариант).
1) Yesterday as I was walking down Cherry Lane, I (meet) Thomas, an old friend of mine.
a) met
b) was meeting
2) While my son (wait) for my call, somebody knocked at the door.
a) waited
b) was waiting
3) We (just talk) about him when he suddenly (come) in.
a) just talked
b) were just talking
a) came in
b) was coming in
4) Yesterday while Dad (shave), he (cut) himself slightly.
a) shaved
b) was shaving
a) cut
b) was cutting
UNIT 10
| Grammar: Reported Speech. |
TEXT
Discussing prices and terms of payment
After Mr. Stanley and Mr. Borisov had discussed the number of pumps, the time and the terms of delivery. They started discussing the price and the terms of payment.
Stanley: Good morning, Mr. Borisov.
Borisov: Good morning, Mr. Stanley.
Stanley: Happy to meet you again.
Borisov: The pleasure is mine. Let's get down to business. I'd like to start with the price. Mr. Stanley, I 'm sorry to say it is not acceptable to us. We think you have quoted a very high price.
Stanley: Oh, ... per unit is quite a reasonable price. As you know we have improved the model. And besides the price includes export packing.
Borisov: Yes, we know that. But we also know that the prices on the world market for this type of pumps are lower than yours.
Stanley: But the quality of our pumps is higher and we’ve delivered a lot of pumps to different countries of the world at this price.
Borisov: And still, Mr. Stanley, we find the price a bit high. I'd like to stress that it's our trial order with your company and if we are satisfied with our transaction you can expect repeat orders from us.
Stanley: Well, the only thing we can do is to give you a discount of 2% off the value of the contract.
Borisov: Fine. That settles the price problem.
Stanley: And how about the manner of payment? I hope payment by a Letter of Credit against shipping documents will suit you.
Borisov: Yes, it will.
Stanley: Good. You are to open a L/C with the Moscow Narodny Bank after our Notification of the Readiness of the goods for shipment.
Borisov: All right. One more thing, Mr. Stanley. Our people would like to visit your manufacturing plant, if it is possible.
Stanley: No problem. We can easily arrange it and I myself will take you there. We'll do our best to make your visit useful.
Borisov: Thank you, Mr. Stanley.
Stanley: Thank you, Mr. Borisov. We are looking forward to establishing good business relations with your company. You are welcome to our company any time.
Vocabulary
1. the pleasure is mine – я тоже, мне тоже приятно
2. to be acceptable (to smb.) – быть приемлемым (кому-либо)
3. to quote [kwout] – назначать
4. per [pә:] – за (штуку, единицу товара)
5. a unit ['ju:nit] – единица (товара), штука
6. the goods – товар
7. packing ['pækiŋ] – упаковка
8. a market [m’a:kit] – рынок
9. on the world market – на мировом рынке
10. to stress – подчеркивать
11. trial ['traiәl] – пробный
12. to be satisfied with – быть удовлетворенным
13. repeat – повторный
14. value (of) – стоимость
15. to settle – 1. решить, договориться
2. разрешать, улаживать
16. a manner (of) – способ
17. to open a Letter – открыть аккредитив
of Credit (with)
18. against – против
19. against shipping documents – против отгрузочных
документов
20. a Notification of the Readiness – уведомление о готовности
of the goods for shipment товарa к отгрузке
21. a manufacturing plant – завод-изготовитель
22. to arrange [ә'reind3] – организовать, устроить
23. to establish [is'tæbliʃ] – устанавливать
24. relations [ri'leiʃnz] – отношения
25. to look forward to – с нетерпением ждать
26. to look forward to establish – стремиться к установлению
GRAMMAR PRACTICE
1. Reported speech. Choose the correct variant (выберите правильный вариант).
1) John sad: “I’m sorry to disturb you, Eliza”.
a) John told that he was sorry to disturb Eliz.
b) John told Eliza he was sorry to disturb her.
c) John said to Eliza he had been sorry to disturb her.
2) He said: “Where is Jill going?”
a) He asked where was Jill going.
b) He asked where Jill went.
c) He asked where Jill was going.
3) The doctor asked: “How do you feel?”
a) The doctor asked how did I feel.
b) The doctor asked how I felt.
c) The doctor asked how I had felt.
4) “Will you be free tomorrow?” Colin asked Richard.
a) Richard asked would Colin be free the next day.
b) Colin asked Richard if he would be free the following day.
c) Colin asked if Richard will be free tomorrow.
5) “Where is the nearest bus stop?” the old man asked to policeman.
a) The old man asked where was the nearest bus stop.
b) The old man asked a policeman where the nearest bus stop was.
c) The old man told a policeman where the nearest bus stop was.
6) The teacher said to us “Be quiet, please”.
a) The teacher asked us be quiet.
b) The teacher told us to be quiet.
c) The teacher said to us to be quiet.
7) Don’t swim too far, asked dad.
a) Dad asked him not to swim too far.
b) Dad asked him don’t swim too far.
c) Dad asked him if he wouldn’t swim too far.
2. Insert a proper preposition FOR, SINCE, AGO (выберите предлоги).
1) Dad isn’t at home. He went to the work an hour ... .
2) Jill hasn’t been there ... three years.
3) They have lived there ... 1984.
4) They got that flat twelve years ... .
5) He has worked for this company ... April.
6) Two years ... Deny bought a car.
7) I phoned him two days ... .
3. Change the following sentences into indirect speech (измените прямую речь в косвенную).
1) Jack told his father: “I’ve lost my notebook”.
2) Henry said to me: “I didn’t throw stones at your dog”.
3) He said: “I have eaten nothing for two days”.
4) Mary said: “I don’t want to wear my old dress”.
5) I said to my sister: “George has written me a long letter”.
4. Change the following sentences into direct speech (измените косвенную речь в прямую).
1) The teacher told his students that he was going to give them a test.
2) I told him that I hadn’t seen his brother for a long time.
3) Henry told the teacher that he liked arithmetic, but he didn’t like algebra.
4) We told the teacher that we didn’t understand his question.
5) I told the taxi-driver that he was driving too fast.
6) She said that her children were playing in the garden.
5. Change the following sentences into indirect speech. Use «told» or «asked» (измените прямую речь в косвенную, используя «told» или «asked»).
1) I said to Jack: “Please give me your dictionary”.
2) The teacher said to Tom: “Collect the exercise-books and put them on my table”.
3) I said to my friend: “Meet me outside the cinema at six o’clock”.
4) Mary’s mother said to her: “Don’t go out without your coat”.
5) The teacher said to the student: “Clean the blackboard, please”.
6. Change the following sentences into indirect speech (измените прямую речь в косвенную).
1) Margaret asked Richard: “Where are you going for your holidays?’
2) Ann asked Mary: “What do you usually have for breakfast?”
3) The teacher asked Bob: “When did you learn to swim?”
4) Mary’s mother asked her: “Where have you put your shoes?”
5) I asked Bob: “Why didn’t you answer my letter?”
6) I asked “The old gentleman: “Are you feeling tired?”
7) The hotel manager asked the visitors: “Did you sleep well?”
8) A man stopped me in the street and asked: “Have you got a match?”
9) The teacher asked us: “Do you understand the question or not?”
10) He asked his secretary: “Do you want to be an engineer or doctor?”
UNIT 11
| Grammar: The Sequence of Tenses. |
TEXT
A visit to the plant
When Mr. Stanley and the Russian engineers arrived in Glasgow they hired a taxi to the Central Hotel where Mr. White, the production manager of the plant, had reserved accommodation for them.
At a quarter to 9 Mr. White's car picked them up at the hotel and took them to the plant. Mr. Stanley introduced Mr. Borisov and Mr. Kozin to Mr. White and told him that the Russian engineers wanted to see the production shops of the plant.
White: If you like I can show you round the whole plant, so that you can get a good idea of the range of our products.
Borisov: We’d be delighted to, if it doesn’t take too much of your time!
White: I'll be happy to help you and answer any of your queries. I'll lead the way.
(In the plant.)
White: This is the assembly shop and here you can see the finished products. We produce pumps of high capacity for different applications. Look, here is the latest model. We modified it last year.
Borisov: How does it compare with the previous model?
White: That's a good question. It's easier to operate and more reliable as compared with the previous model. Besides, its capacity is higher than the capacity of the pumps of other companies. We export this model to many countries of the world.
Stanley: I say, John, Mr. Borisov told me on our way here that he wanted to see your test department as well. Is it possible?