We have heard that she has found a job. — Мыузнали, чтоонанашлаработу.
2. After verbs denoting mental activity, such as: “to know”, “to think”, “to consider”, “to believe”, “to suppose”, “to expect”, “to imagine”, “to find”, “to feel”, “to trust”, and etc.
After verbs of mental activity in the Objective-with-the-Infinitive Construction the verb “to be” is generally used. But this restriction does not apply to the verb “to expect”. The use of this construction after most verbs of mental activity is more characteristic of literary than of colloquial style.
Eg. Iknowyoutobethemosthonest, spotlesscreaturethateverlived. – Я знаю, что Вы самое честное и безупречное существо из всех, когда-либо живших на свете.
Ifyousupposethatboytobefriendless, youdeceiveyourself. – Если вы предполагаете, что у этого мальчика нет друзей, вы ошибаетесь.
Everybody expected her to marry Pete. – Всеожидали, чтоонавыйдетзамужзаПита.
After verbs of mental activity the Perfect Infinitive is used, but seldom.
Eg. The doctor found his heart to have stopped two hours before. – Докторустановил, чтоегосердцепересталобитьсядвачасатомуназад.
In the Objective-with-the-Infinitive Construction after verbs “to think”, “to consider”, “to find”, the verb “to be” is left out.
For instance, instead of “I consider him to be a good specialist” we can say “I consider him a good specialist” and translate into Russian literally “Ясчитаюегохорошимспециалистом”. (This sentence is translated by simple sentence.)
3. After verbs of declaring: “to pronounce”, “to declare”, “to report”.
Eg. The surgeon pronounced the wound to be a slight one. – Врачсказал, чтораналегкая.
She declared him to be the most disobedient child in existence. – Оназаявила, чтоэтосамыйнепослушныйребенокнасвете.
4. After verbs denoting wish and intention: “to want”, “to wish”, “to desire”, “to mean”, “to intend”, “to choose” (in the meaning “хотеть”) and also after the construction “I would like” (Яхотелбы).
Eg. He intended me to go with him to India. – Онхотел, чтобыяпоехаласнимвИндию.
I want you to come and dine with me. – Яхочу, чтобывыпришлисомнойпообедать.
I don’t choose you to go by yourself to a hotel. – Янехочу, чтобывыжиливгоситницеодна.
I would like her look to through my report. – Я бы хотел, чтобы она посмотрела мой доклад.
5. After verbs and expressions denoting feeling and emotion: “to like”, “to dislike”, “to love”, “to hate”, “cannot bear”, etc.
Eg. I dislike you to talk like that. – Янелюблю, когдатытакговоришь.
I hate him to be flogged. – Ятерпетьнемогу, когдаегобьют.
I cannot bear you to speak of that. – Янемогувыносить, когдавы
говорите об этом.
6. After verbs denoting order and permission: “to order”, “to allow”, “to suffer”, “to have”, etc.
Here we find the Objective-with-the-Infinitive only if the object is expressed by a noun or pronoun, denoting lifeless thing or when the Infinitive is passive. This restriction does not apply to the verbs “to suffer” and “to have”.
Eg. Mr. Sinclair ordered his carriage to be ready early in the morning. – МистерСинклерраспорядился, чтобыэкипажбылготовраноутром.
She had never allowed the name to John Gordon to pass her lips. – ОнаникогданепозволяласебепроизноситьимяДжонаГордона. (This sentence is translated by simple sentence.)
He ordered the wounded to be carried away from the field of battle. – Онприказал, чтобыраненногоунеслисполябоя.
However, if the noun or pronoun denotes a person and it is followed by an inactive form as a rule the Infinitive is not a part of the Complex Object and has the function of second Direct Object, immediately subordinated to the Verb.
Eg. He ordered the prisoners to go away. – Онприказалпленным (закл-ченным) уйти. (This sentence is translated by simple sentence.)
7. The Objective-with-the-Infinitive Construction is used after verbs denoting compulsion: “to make” (in the meaning “заставить”), “to cause” (“заставить”, “распорядиться”), “to get” (“добиться”), “to have” (“заставить”,”сказатьчтобы”).
Eg. Light steps in the gravel made him turn his head. – Легкиешагипогравиюзаставилиегоповернутьголову. (This sentence is translated by simple sentence.)
She caused a telegram to be sent to him. – Онараспорядилась, чтобыемупослалителеграмму.
The noise caused her to awake. – Отшумаонапроснулась. (This sentence is translated by simple sentence.)
I cannot get her to finish her lessons. – Я не могу заставить ее закончить уроки.
8. Though the Infinitive as a rule is not used with verbs requiring prepositions, the Objective-with-the-Infinitive Construction is widely used with the preposition “for”. This construction consists of the preposition “for” plus noun in common case (or pronoun in objective case) plus Infinitive. These construction are translated into Russian by a subordinate clause, usually introduced by the conjunctions “что”, “чтобы” and at the same time the noun or pronoun of that construction together with proceeding preposition “for” is translated by a noun (or a pronoun) in the function of the subject of subordinate clause, and the infinitive is translated by a finite for of verb which is the predicate of the subordinate clause.
Eg. He waited for her to speak but she did not. – Онждал, чтобыоназаговорила, ноонамолчала.
Occasionally the Objective-with-the-Infinitive Construction occurs with the preposition “on” or “upon” (after the verb “to rely”).
Eg. I rely on you to come in time. – Ярасчитываю, чтовыпридетевовремя.
I rely upon you not to go over to the opposition. – Янадеюсь, чтовынепереметнетеськоппозиции.
The gerund however is also possible here.
Eg. I rely on your coming in time. – Ярасчитываю, чтовыпридетевовремя.
II. The Subjective-with-the-Infinitive Construction
(The Nominative-with-the-Infinitive Construction)
The Subjective-with-the-Infinitive Construction traditionally called the Nominative-with-the-Infinitive Construction is a construction in which the Infinitive is in predicate relation to a noun in the common case or pronoun in the nominative case.
The peculiarity of this construction is that it does not serve as one part of the sentence. One of its component parts has the function of the subject, the other forms part of a compound verbal predicate.
Eg. Jane is said to resemble me. – Говорят, чтоДжейнпохожанаменяю.
The Infinitive with the Subjective-with-the-Infinitive Construction cannot refer to a future action except with the verbs and word groups whose meaning allows of it: “to expect”, “to be sure”, “to be certain”, and “to be likely”.
Eg. We are sure to come at the heart of the matter. – Мыобязательнодоберемсядосутидела.
He is expected to give us an answer tomorrow. – Ожидают, чтоондастнамответзавтра.
This fire is certain to produce a panic in the morning. – Этотпожар, беспорно (несомненно) вызоветутромпанику.
The Subjective-with-the-Infinitive Construction is used with the following groups of verbs in the Passive Voice.
1. With verbs denoting sense perception: “to see”, “to hear”, etc.
Eg. Mr. Mc’Cord was heard to laugh heartily. – Слышно было, каксмеетсямистерМакКорд.
The rider was seen to disappear in the distance. – Виднобыло, каквсадникскрылсявдали.
If a process is expressed Participle I Indefinite Active is used.
Eg. Jill’s father was heard approaching at that moment. – Вэтот
момент они услышали, что подходит отец Джилл.
The sentences (The Subjective-with-the-Infinitive Construction) with the verbs denoting sense perception are translated into Russian by complex sentence.
2. With verbs denoting mental activity: “to think”, “to consider”, “to know”, “to expect”, “to believe”, “to suppose”.
Eg. He was thought to be honest and kindly. – Егосчиталичестнымидобрымчеловеком.
My father was considered by many to be a great man. – Многиесчиталимоегоотцанезауряднымчеловеком.
The manuscript is believed to have been written in the 15th century. – Полагают, чтоэтарукописьнаписанавXV веке.
The sentences (The Subjective-with-the-Infinitive Construction) with the verbs denoting mental activity can be translated into Russian both by simple and complex sentence.
3. With verb “to make”.
Eg. Little boy was aroused and made to put on his clothes. – Маленькогомальчикаразбудилиизаставилиодеться.
Parents made him to do his lessons. – Родителизаставлялиего
учитьуроки. (Simple sentence)
4. With verbs “to say” and “to report”.
Eg. The gods had given her dark-brown eyes and golden hair, which
is said to be the mark of a weak character. – Богинаделилиее
темно-карими глазами и золотистыми волосами, что,
как говорат, является признаком слабости характера.
It should be noticed that after verbs in the Passive Voice the Subjective-with-the-Infinitive Construction is more characteristic of literary than of colloquial style, except with the verbs “to suppose”, “to expect”, “to make”. With these verbs the Subjective Infinitive can be found both in fiction and in colloquial language.