Augustine, Saint. . Trans. Henry Bettenson. New York: Penguin Books, 1984.__________. . Trans. Henry Chadwick. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991. __________. , Vol. 5, Ed. Ludwig Schopp (New York: CIMA Publishing Co., 1948) 226-232. __________. . Augustine: Earlier Writings, ed. J.H. S. Burleigh (Philadelphia: Westminister Press, 1953) 102 -217. Nietzsche, Friedrich. . Trans. Walter Kaufmann. New York: Vintage Books, 1967.__________. Trans. Marion Faber. Lincoln, NE: Univ. of Nebraska Press, 1984.__________. Trans. Walter Kaufmann. New York: Penguin Books, 1982.Spinoza, Baruch. Intellect, and Selected Letters.> Trans. Samuel Shirley. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Co., 1992.__________. Tractatus Theologico-Politicus. Trans. Samuel Shirley. New York: E. J. Brill, 1989.WORKS CONSULTEDBurns, J. Patout. “Augustine on the Origin and Progress of Evil.” . Vol. 16, No. 1, Spring 1988, 9 – 27.Burt, Donald X. “Courageous Optimism: Augustine on the Good of Creation.” . Vol. 21, 1990, 55-66.Evans, G.R. . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982.Stewart, Melville. “O Felix Culpa, Redemption, and the Greater Good Defense.” , Vol. 25, No. 3, Oct., 1986, 18-31.APPENDIX “A”Selections from [all selectionsfrom the 5th edition, unless bracketed, in which case they are fromthe 2nd edition]:[108] Ah, Love! could you and I with Fate conspireTo grasp this sorry Scheme of Things entire,Would not we shatter it to bits–and then Re-mould it nearer to the Heart’s Desire!29 Into this Universe, and Why not knowingNor Whence, like Water willy-nilly flowing;And out of it, as Wind along the Waste,I know not Whither, willy-nilly blowing.30 What, without asking, hither hurried Whence?And, without asking, Whither hurried hence!Oh, many a Cup of this forbidden WineMust drown the memory of that insolence!78 What! out of senseless Nothing to provokeA conscious Something to resent the yokeOf unpermitted Pleasure, under painOf Everlasting Penalties, if broke!79 What! from his helpless Creature be repaidPure Gold for what he lent him dross-allay’d–Sue for a Debt he never did contract,And cannot answer–Oh the sorry trade![86] Nay, but for terror of his wrathful Face,I swear I will not call Injustice Grace;Not one Good Fellow of the Tavern butWould kick so poor a Coward from the place.80 Oh Thou, who didst with pitfall and with ginBeset the Road I was to wander in,Thou wilt not with Predestined Evil roundEnmesh, and then impute my Fall to Sin!81 Oh Thou, who Man of baser Earth didst make,And ev’n with Paradise devise the Snake:For all the Sin wherewith the Face of ManIs blacken’d–Man’s forgiveness give–and take!APPENDIX “B”[Spinoza] But human power is very limited and is infinitelysurpassed by the power of external causes, and so we do not haveabsolute power to adapt to our purposes things external to us. However, we shall patiently bear whatever happens to us that iscontrary to what is required by consideration of our own advantage,if we are conscious that we have done our duty and that our powerwas not extensive enough for us to have avoided the said things,and that we are a part of the whole of Nature whose order wefollow. If we clearly and distinctly understand this, that part ofus, will be fully resigned and will endeavor to persevere in thatresignation. For in so far as we understand, we can desire nothingbut that which must be, nor in an absolute sense, can we findcontentment in anything but truth. And so in so far as we rightlyunderstand these matters, the endeavor of the better part of us isin harmony with the order of the whole of Nature (E4, Appendix,item 32)._