ASIA MINOR AS EXTERNAL BUFFER ZONE
Cycle | Subperiod | Dates | Duration of a subperiod (years) | Average duration of subperiods within a cycle (years) | Duration of a cycle (years) |
| Cycle #1 | 1 (1.1) | From ancient times until VIII century BC | Indefinite | Around 303 years (without 1st subperiod) | As far as it's known, around 910 year |
| 2 (1.2) | From VIII century BC until 327 BC | 473 | |||
| 3 (1.3) | From 327 until 180 BC | 147 | |||
| 4 (1.4) | From 180 BC until 110 AD | 290 | |||
| Cycle #2 | 5 (2.1) | From 110 AD until 380 | 270 | Around 228 years | Around 910 years |
| 6 (2.2) | From 380 until 610 | 230 | |||
| 7 (2.3) | From 610 until 870-s | 260 | |||
| 8 (2.4) | From 870-s until early XI century | Around 150 | |||
| Cycle #3 | 9 (3.1) | From early XI century until late XIII century | 260 | Around 187 years | Around 750 years |
| 10 (3.2) | From late XIII century until 1453 | Around 170 | |||
| 11 (3.3) | From 1453 until 1680-s | 227 | |||
| 12 (3.4) | From 1680-s until 1770-s | Around 90 | |||
| Cycle #4 | 13 (4.1) | From 1770-s until 1856 | 86 | Current cycle. As per three completed subperiods - 70 years | Current cycle. As per three completed subperiods - around 210 years |
| 14 (4.2) | From 1856 until 1908 | 52 | |||
| 15 (4.3) | From 1908 until 1980-s | 72 | |||
| 16 (4.4) | From 1980-s and for some future - is still going on currently | - | |||
| Cycle #5 | 17 (5.1)18 (5.2)19 (5.3)20 (5.4) | Prognosis | - | - | - |
| Described duration of the buffer zone evolution - around 2800 years | |||||
4. Socio-cultural methodology is completely applicable to the analysis of the Russian Empire - USSR - CIS (or Russian SCS, according to our terminology) space evolution. We suggest our own version of the socio-cultural zonation of the Russian SCS's space: by the late XX century, there are 20 (twenty) socio-cultural regions and 8 (eight) enclaves. Below is the periodization of the Russian SCS's socio-cultural regions (Russian enclaves' periodization is given in the Tatiana Nikolaenko papers; for definitions see Appendix 1).
SOCIO-CULTURAL EVOLUTION OF THE REGIONS
WITHIN RUSSIAN SCS: SUBPERIODS
I. Central Russian region
Number of cycles - 1
Number of subperiods - 10:
1. From ancient times up until VIII century AD
2. From VIII century until mid XI century
3. From mid XI until early XIII century
4. From early XIII century until 1380-s
5. From 1380-s until 1470-s
6. From 1470-s until 1572
7. From 1572 to 1690-s
8. From 1690-s to 1917
9. From 1917 to 1991
10. From 1991 and for some future
II. Pskov - Novgorod - Petersburg region
Number of cycles - 1
Number of subperiods - 10:
1. From ancient times up until VIII century AD
2. From VIII until mid XI century
3. From mid XI until early XIII century
4. From early XIII and until late XIII century
5. From late XIII century until 1471
6. From 1471 to 1572
7. From 1572 to 1700-s
8. From early XVIII century until 1917
9. From 1917 to 1991
10. From 1991 and for some future
III. Northern European region
Number of cycles - 1
Number of subperiods - 7:
1.1. From ancient times up until VIII century AD
1.2. From VIII until mid XI century
2. From mid XI until 1470
3. From 1470 to 1572
4. From 1572 until early XVIII century
5. From early XVIII until early XX century
6. From early XX and until late XX century
7. From late XX century and for some future
IV. Smolensk - Bryansk - Chernigov - Sumy region (southern part of this socio-cultural region belongs at present to Ukrainian state)
Number of cycles - 1
Number of subperiods - 11:
1. From ancient times up until VIII century AD
2. From VIII until mid XI century
3. From mid XI until early XIII century
4. From early XIII until mid XIV century
5. From mid XIV century until 1514
6. From 1514 until early XVII century
7. From early XVII century until 1667
8. From 1667 to 1772
9. From 1772 to 1917
10. From 1917 to 1991
11. From 1991 and for some future
V. Central Ukrainian region
Number of cycles - 1
Number of subperiods - 9:
1. From ancient times up until IX century AD
2. From IX until mid XI century
3. From mid XI century until 1160-s
4. From 1160-s to 1380
5. From 1380 to 1667
6. From 1667 to 1770
7. From 1770 to 1917
8. From 1917 to 1991
9. From 1991 and for some future
VI. Southern Russian region (south-western part of this socio-cultural region belongs at present to Ukrainian state)
Number of cycles - 2
Number of subperiods -
1st cycle - 13 subperiods of socio-cultural evolution within the Barbarian-Nomadic SCS
2nd cycle - 4 subperiods:
1. From early - mid XVI century until 1700
2. From 1700 to 1917
3. From 1917 to 1991
4. From 1991 and for some future
VII. Eastern Ukrainian region (the most eastern part of this socio-cultural region belongs at present to the Russian Federation)
Number of cycles - 2
Number of subperiods -
1st cycle - 13 subperiods of socio-cultural evolution within the Barbarian-Nomadic SCS
2nd cycle - 5 subperiods:
1. From mid XVI until XVII century
2. From late XVII century until 1870-s
3. From 1870-s to 1917
4. From 1917 to 1991
5. From 1991 and for some future
VIII. Southern Ukrainian region
Number of cycles - 2
Number of subperiods -
1st cycle - 14 subperiods of socio-cultural evolution within the Barbarian-Nomadic SCS; as from 15 century it's a part of the Crimean Khanate
2nd cycle - 4 subperiods:
1. From early XVIII century until 1791
2. From 1791 to 1917
3. From 1917 to 1991
4. From 1991 and for some future
IX. Western Ukrainian region
Number of cycles - 1
Number of subperiods - 12:
1. From ancient times up until 9 century AD
2. From IX until mid XI century
3. From mid XI century until 1160-s
4. From 1160-s to 1380
5. From 1380 to 1660
6. From 1660 to 1770
7. From 1770 to 1815
8. From 1815 to 1860
9. From 1860 to 1918
10. From 1918 to 1945
11. From 1945 to 1991
12. From 1991 and for some future
X. White-Russian (Belarus) region
Number of cycles - 1
Number of subperiods - 9:
1. From ancient times up until mid IX century AD
2. From mid IX until mid XI century
3. From mid XI until early XIV century
4. From early XIV century until 1650-s
5. From 1650-s to 1772
6. From 1772 to 1795
7. From 1795 to 1920
8. From 1920 to 1991
9. From 1991 and for some future
XI. Urals region
Number of cycles - 2
Number of subperiods -
1st cycle - 2 subperiods:
1. From ancient times up until XII - XIII centuries
2. From XII - XIII centuries until 1480-s
2nd cycle - 6 subperiods:
1. From 1480-s to 1572
2. From 1572 to 1700
3. From 1700 to 1870-s
4. From 1870-s to 1917
5. From 1917 to 1991
6. From 1991 and for some future
XII. Trans-Volga region
Number of cycles - 2
Number of subperiods -
1st cycle - 13 subperiods of socio-cultural evolution within the Barbarian-Nomadic SCS
2nd cycle - 4 subperiods:
1. From mid XVI century until 1700
2. From 1700 to 1917
3. From 1917 to 1991
4. From 1991 and for some future
XIII. Northern Asian region
Number of cycles - 2
Number of subperiods -
1st cycle - 13 periods:
From ancient times up until late XV century.
2nd cycle - 4 subperiods:
1. Stage 1.1. From late XV until late XVI century
Stage 1.2. From late XVI (1570-s) until early 18 century
2. From early XVIII until early XX century
3. From early XX and up until late XX century
4. From late XX century and for some future
XIV. Southern-Siberian - Far-Eastern region
Number of cycles - 2
Number of subperiods -
1st cycle - 13 subperiods of socio-cultural evolution within the Barbarian-Nomadic SCS
2nd cycle - 4 subperiods:
1. Stage 1.1. From late XVI until late XVII century
Stage 1.2. From late XVII until mid XIX century
2. From mid XIX century until 1917
3. From 1917 to 1991
4. From 1991 and for some future
XV. Northern-Kazakh region
Number of cycles - 2
Number of subperiods -
1st cycle - 14 subperiods of socio-cultural evolution within the Barbarian-Nomadic SCS
2nd cycle - 4 subperiods:
1. From late XVIII until mid XIX century
2. From mid XIX century until 1917
3. From 1917 to 1991
4. From 1991 and for some future
XVI-1. Kazakh -Central Asian region - Southern zone
Number of cycles - 2
Number of subperiods -
1st cycle - 6 subperiods:
1. From ancient times up until VI century BC
2. From VI century BC until VIII century AD
3. From VIII until early XIII century
4. From early XIII until early XV century
5. From early XV until early XVII century
6. From early XVII until mid XIX century
2nd cycle - 3 subperiods:
7. From mid XIX century until 1917
8. From 1917 to 1991
9. From 1991 and for some future
XVI-2. Kazakh -Central Asian region - Northern zone
Number of cycles - 2
Number of subperiods -
1st cycle - 4 subperiods:
1. From ancient times up until VIII century AD
2. From VIII until early XIII century
3. From early XIII until early XV century
4. From early XV until early XVII century
2nd cycle - 4 subperiods:
5. From early XVII until mid XIX century
6. From mid XIX century until 1917
7. From 1917 to 1991
8. From 1991 and for some future
XVII. Caucasian region
Number of cycles - 3
Number of subperiods -
1st cycle - 2 subperiods:
Structure with three types of subregions was being formed, with "Internal" Caucasus as the first subregion, coastal areas as the second subregion (where Greek, Roman and Byzantine enclaves have been generated), and Trans-Caucasus as the third subregion.
1. From ancient times until VIII - VII centuries BC
2. From VIII - VII centuries BC until XVI century AD
2nd cycle - 1 subperiod:
The entire territory controlled by the Ottoman Empire.
1. From XVI until early XIX century
3rd cycle - 4 subperiods:
1. From early XIX century until 1859
2. From 1859 to 1917
3. From 1917 to 1989
4. From 1989 and for some future
XVIII. Northern-Caucasian region
Number of cycles - 2
Number of subperiods -
1st cycle - 13 subperiods of socio-cultural evolution within the Barbarian-Nomadic SCS:
From ancient times until mid XVI century
2nd cycle - 4 subperiods:
1. From mid XVI until late XVIII century
2. From late XVIII century until 1917
3. From 1917 to 1991
4. From 1991 and for some future
XIX. Moldavian region
Number of subperiods - 11:
1. From ancient times until AD
2. From AD until 370-s
3. From 370-s until late VII century
4. From late VII until late X century
5. From late X until late XIV century
6. From late XIV century until 1480-s
7. From 1480-s until 1774
8. From 1774 to 1856
9. From 1856 until early XX century
10. From 1908 until late 1980-s
11. From late 1980-s and for some future
XX-1. Baltic region - Lithuanian zone
Number of cycles – 2.
Number of subperiods -
1st cycle - 4 subperiods:
1. Stage 1. From ancient times until early VIII century AD
1. Stage 2. From VIII until early XI century
1. Stage 3. From early XI until mid XIII century
2. From mid XIII century until 1386
3. From 1386 to 1462
4. Stage 1. From 1462 to 1569
4. Stage 2. From 1569 to 1650-s
4. Stage 3. From 1650-s until 1795
2nd cycle - 3 subperiods:
1. From 1795 to 1920
2. From 1920 to 1991
3. From 1991 and for some future
XX-2. Baltic region - Latvian-Estonian zone
Number of cycles – 2.
Number of subperiods -
1st cycle - 3 subperiods:
1. Stage 1. From ancient times up until early VIII century AD
1. Stage 2. From VIII until early XIII century
2. Stage 1. From early XIII century until 1370-s
2. Stage 2. From 1370-s until 1550-s
3. Stage 1. From 1550-s until 1580-s
3. Stage 2. From 1580-s until 1700
3. Stage 3. From 1700 to 1721
2nd cycle - 3 subperiods:
1. From 1721 to 1917
2. From 1914 to 1991
3. From 1991 and for some future
The above data are exceptionally important for correct interpretation of the spatial processes within Russian Empire - USSR - CIS. Life term of the particular socio-cultural region far exceeds the specific forms of the state organization within this space. Processes of space assimilation indeed have their own rules and logic, and these directly relate to the current events within the CIS space.
For instance, to understand correctly present situation in Ukraine, it is especially important to take into account the fact that of its six socio-cultural regions only three are completely within the borders of the modern Ukrainian state (Central Ukrainian, Western Ukrainian and Southern Ukrainian regions). Territories of the three others extend over the state borders and - to a greater or smaller degree - are located within the Russian Federation space (Southern Russian, Eastern Ukrainian and Smolensk -Bryansk -Chernigov -Sumy regions). Thus, modern political boundaries of Ukraine do not completely correspond with the boundaries of the socio-cultural regions within its territory. It's possible to talk for as long as one wishes about Ukraine's political independence, but it makes sense to take into consideration the fact that the socio-cultural regions within its "formal" territory, for centuries were being integrated into the common space of the Russian SCS.