6. . . . . occurs when the skills of available workers do not match the jobs vacant.
I lost my job with It’s crazy – the only
4,000 other people jobs available round
when they closed here pay less than I get
down the coal mine. from Social Security.
1._________________ 4. ____________________
I work with a traveling I’m a skilled electrician,
circus in the summer, but there’s such a slump
but it’s just closed for in the construction
the winter. industry right now that
I’m out of work.
2.__________________
5.____________________
The union went on I left my job last week
strike for 8% pay after an argument with
rise. They got it, but my boss. I’m sure I can
the company laid off find something better.
ten of us.
3. __________________ 6.____________________
14. Choose the correct words to complete each sentence:
1. The tax on wages and salaries (and business profits in the US) is called . . . . . In Britain the tax on business profits is called corporation tax.
a. direct tax b. income tax c. wealth tax
2. A tax that is levied at a higher rate on higher incomes is called a . . . . tax.
a. progressive b. regressive c. value-added
3. Property taxes, sales taxes, customs duties on imports, and excise duties on tobacco, alcoholic drinks, petrol, etc. are . . . .taxes.
a. direct b. indirect c. value-added
4. Most sales taxes are slightly. . . .because poorer people need to spend a larger proportion of their income on consumption than the rich.
a. progressive b. regressive c. repressive
5. A sales tax collected at each stage of production, excluding the already-taxed costs from previous stages, is called a . . . . .
a. sales tax b. value-added tax c. added-value tax
6. Profits made from the sale of assets are liable to a . . . . tax.
a. capital gains b. capital transfer c. wealth
7. Gifts and inheritances are usually liable to . . . . tax.
a. capital gains b. capital transfer c. wealth
8. Reducing the amount of tax you pay to a legal minimum is called . . . . .
a. fiscal policy b. tax avoidance c. tax evasion
9. Making false declarations is called . . . . and is obviously illegal.
a. creative accounting b. tax avoidance c. tax evasion
10. Bringing forward capital expenditure (on new factories, machines, and so on) so that at the end of the year all the profits have been used up is known as making a
. . . . .
a. mistake b. tax haven c. tax loss
11. Multinational companies often set up their head offices in low-tax countries such as Liechtenstein, Monaco, the Cayman Islands, and the Bahamas, known as
. . . . .
a. tax havens b. tax heavens c. tax shelters
12. Criminal multinationals such as the Mafia tend to pass money through a series of companies in very complicated transactions in order to disguise its origin from tax inspectors and the police; this is known as . . . . money.
a. cleaning b. laundering c. washing
15. Translate the text into English:
Два главных компонента деятельности по управлению налогами - это налоговые отчеты, согласование и налоговое планирование.
Первый из них включает подготовку отчетов, надлежащее указание текущих и отсроченных налоговых расходов и задолженностей по налоговым платежам в финансовых отчетах, а также контакты с налоговыми органами по проверке правильности начисления налогов.
Налоговое планирование – это непрерывный процесс наблюдения, предвидения и установления связей между развитием бизнеса и развитием налогового законодательства для достижения оптимальных долгосрочных экономических преимуществ для корпорации.
16. All the words below can be combined with tax or taxation in a two - word partnership (e.g. tax accounting, progressive taxation). Add tax and /or taxation before or after the following words:
1. ……..accounting…… 14. …….inspector…….
2. ……..allowance……. 15. …….loophole…….
3. ……..authority…….. 16. …….loss………….
4. ……..avoidance…… 17. …….payer………..
5. ……..consultant…… 18. …….progressive…
6. ……..corporation…. 19. …….rates…………
7. ……..deductible…... 20. …….rebate……….
8. ……..direct……….. 21. …….regressive…..
9. ……..evasion……… 22. …….retune………
10. ……..free………….. 23. …….sales………
11. ……..haven………… 24. …….shelter……..
12. ……..income………. 25. …….withholding...
13. ……..indirect……… 26. …….year…………