Проанализировав вышеизложенный материал мы приходим к выводу о том, что мнения лингвистов вновь расходятся. Все теории различны между собой и основаны на личных наблюдениях исследователей, но последние три классификации наиболее близки нам. Более приемлемой, на мой взгляд, является классификация, изложенная в труде Каушанской В.Л. так как она более функциональна и проста в понимании. Но так или иначе при всех различиях во взглядах мы можем заметить что почти во всех классификациях выделяется придаточное цели.
2.3 Придаточное цели
Придаточное цели, как известно, может быть определено по союзу “that” или по словосочетанию “inorderthat”. Между данными двумя вариантами существует основное различие. Придаточное со словосочетанием “inorderto” является придаточным цели без каких-либо сомнений, и никаких других показателей для идентификации не требуется. Что касается придаточного с союзом “that” , то оно не всегда может быть придаточным цели, оно может являть собой любой из семи других типов. В этом случае нам нужны дополнительные указатели, наиболее частичным является глагол “may(might)” и “should” как часть причастия.
Так же придаточное цели может быть обозначено словосочетанием “sothat”, но здесь нам так же потребуются дополнительные указатели, дабы отличить придаточное цели от придаточного результата. Ex: “Although slightly near-sighted, Elizabeth, so that nothing might damage the charm of her dark brown eyes, tragic and wide apart under straight browns, wore no glasses but carried instead a miniature lorgnette, for which she now searched in her purse, unobtrusively and on her lap so that Steitler, who was speaking to her son, would not notice.” Оба придаточных в данном примере являются придаточными цели, не результата, и это прекрасно видно по следующим моментам: 1)В первом случае само расположение членов предложения указывает нам на то , что тут фактически не может быть никакого результата, оно грамматически не может выражаться раньше действия к которому привело.2) Касаемо второго, “sothat” не даёт точного указания на цель или результат, мы понимаем, что это цель, только с помощью “wouldnotnotice” в конце предложения.
Исходя из всего вышеизложенного можно сделать вывод: Определить тип придаточного порой довольно сложная задача, так как существуют исключения из правил, некоторые единичные случаи, вводящие нас в заблуждение, и в данных случаях важно помнить, что всегда надо проделывать глубинный анализ, дабы глубже понять суть предложения и связь между придаточными.
Глава III. Анализ способов выражения цели в художественной литературе.
3.1 Впростомпредложении.
1) Shelton had to make a great effort to move on.
2) He paused for a while to think.
3) Then we went to a tavern to have coffee and liqueurs.
4) You cannot praise him because he resisted the temptation to make any of those compromises.
5)…whenever they talked those matters over in their evening gossips, to lay all the blame on Dame Rip Van Winkle.
6) He could carry a fowling-piece on his shoulders for hours together,…,to shot a few squirrels or wild pigeons.
7)…the woman from the village used to employ him to run their errands…
8)…he asked Blanche for a piece of paper and some string to make a parcel.
9) The best way to put a stop to it was by cutting down trees and brushwood…
10) She smiled to cover her shyness.
11) Mr. Haddo had called him in several times to see his lady.
12) I have to dye my hair already to keep my job as a dustman.
13) Susie had gone to the dressing-room to get her cloak.
14) He was using every precaution to hide her whereabouts.
15) He passed for a moment to light a cigar.
16) Would you mind if I went over to Paris to consult Dr. Porhoet.
17) The lath painted to look like iron is seen to be but a lath.
18) Susie got up to light a cigarette.
19) There was a tinkle at my bell, and left her to open the door.
20) It was characteristic that after asking to dinner, he left me in a lordly way to pay the bill.
21)I didn’t realize how motley are the qualities that go to make up a human being
22)When the concierge went up this morning to take a letter he saw the cat eating his breakfast.
23) ... he set about finding some way to make a bit of money.
24) They have brought two flat of brass to serve as censers…
25) He gave her book to read..
26) I telephoned Mrs Pears this morning not to forget the ham.
27) I took no notice, and did my best to engage Mrs Strickland was sitting in talk.
28) The man wouldn’t break up his business to become a painter…
29) He resisted the temptation to make any compromise…
30) But it do seem a waste of money when you could get something to shew.
31) The blinds were partly drawn to darken the room…
32) one year followed another till death came, like a friend, to give a rest to those who had labored so hard.
33) She smiled to cover her sadness.
34) He slaved away mechanically, by perpetual toil seeking to deaden his anguish.
35) He deliberately did absurd things to execute his ridicule.
36) Were you obliged to go out of your way to take his wife from him?
37) It was necessary to do something to attract her attention.
38) Then you have not seen the jackal when the King of Beasts stalked down to make his meal.
39) Arthur got up to stretch his leg.
40) Margaret made a desperate effort to regain her freedom.
41) He moved to Paris to study art.
42) Suise, to steady her nerves, lit a cigarette.
43) This was a man who knew his mind and was determined to achieve his desire.
44) I tried my best to assume an airy manner.
45) He would naturally do anything to avoid social scandal.
46) I took notice, and did my best to engage Mrs Strickland in talk.
47) I telephoned him not to forget the ham.
48) I came here this morning to make sure that he is ok.
49) I need this sword to kill the lord.
50) So he asked me one more time not to forget my name.
3.2 Всложномпредложении
1) I rack my brains to remember idiosyncrasies which might lend them vividness.
2) One can never tell how large the intellegetsia is, one can tell fairly well many of its members are prepared to pay money to patronize the arts they cherish.
3) Suise stayed in Paris for three weeks to buy some clothes which she assertes were now her only pleasure in life.
4) He wrote the biography avowedly to remove certain misconceptions which had gained currency in regard to the later part of his father’s life.
5) I shell start with ice to cool the passion which your eyes inflame me…
6) I know that a lover will go far to meet the woman he adores.
7)She was only able to be here because you gave here money to carry out a foolish whim…
8) She knew that there was a plenty of time to fetch a few necessary things before train started.
9) He beheld the scene with the eyes of the many painters who have sought by means of the most charming garden in Paris to express their sense of beauty.
10) When we had finished I called the waiter to pay for the drinks.
11) They have brought two flat of brass to serve as censers, and these Arthur gave to Dr Porhoet.
12) This gave here a chance to bring the conversation to matters on which Haddo was expert.
13) It was characteristic that after asking me to dinner, he left me in a lordly was to pay the bill.
14) Then Suise heard Dr Porhoet slip his hand across the table to find matches, but it seemed that they were not there.
15) He sold no picture; I think he made little attempt to sell any; he set about finding some way to make a bit of money.
16) It was a magnificent sight from the distance hill on which they stood to watch the fire as it soared and sank…
17) Her fancy suggested various dark means whereby Oliver Haddo might take vengeance on his enemy, and she was at pains to warn Arthur.
20) It narrated the adventures of a number of people who left Paddington Station on Saturday afternoon to stay with friends at Taplow.
21) I saw a neat old lady, with cheeks like apples, toiling away from morning till night, through the long time, to keep her house trim and spruce.
22) Margaret acquiesced in all that was suggested to her, and agreed willingly that the needful steps should be taken to procure her release from Oliver Haddo.
23) …our own driver urged his pare so that we mind not remain behind.
24) It was a scene of indescribable horror, and she put her hands to here eyes so that she might not see.
25) Susie clenched her hands so that she might not faint.
26) He had told me that he had arranged for his wife to have a private room, so that she might at least be spared the sordid promiscuity of a ward.
27) And pray give me Miss Boyd, so that she can abuse me to her heart’s content.
28) When you are married, for heaven’s sake ask me to stay with you four times a year, so that I can see after your clothes.
29) If you want us to dine at the Chien Noire, you must leave us now, so that we can make ourselves tidy.
30) He went over to it and leaned it towards him so that he could see the painting.
31) The verger…waited for the vicar to have finished in the vestry so that he could tidy up in there and go home.
32) They pinched and saved so that I should have enough to live on.
33) He was trying to find something interesting to interest me so that I should stay.
34) I don’t mind telling you that I used to writedown his temperature on the chart 1 added a point or two so that the doctors should think him a little worse than he was.
35) They made me go in the kitchen so that she shouldn’t know I was there.
36) He turned his back to here, so that that she couldn’t see his face.
37) The two buildings are placed far apart, so that only the starving should be tempted to make use of them.
38) For a moment he dared not move in case the sound should frighten her.
39) I want you to bring her to me so that I may speak with her.
40) I need you right behind my back so that I may be sure that you are OK.
41) Mrs. Southtooth was speaking with here family in the evening so that no one could hear them.
42) He gave me a look of appeal, so that I might put things right, but unable to control myself.
43) He hated you, and his made what I am so that you might suffer.
44) I allowed you to come in so that I might tell you I will have no contacts with you anymore.
45) He wished the man had ten lives so that he might take them one by one.
46) He wanted light so that he might see the horror of that ugly face, and the deadly fear, and the staring eyes.
47) A year after his death, I called up his phantom from the grave so that I might find out who killed him.
48) Then he would give me little happy glances, so that I might notice in how much better form the patient was.
49) I was standing on a side of the road in a deep shadow, so that no one could see me here.
50) I want you to go there and bring me that little bastard so that I could twist his neck.