6. The new models of TV sets … by this engineer are very popular.
a) designed b) designing c) having designed
7. The Chief Researcher was working much … that problem.
a) investigated b) investigating c) having investigated
8. You shouldn’t buy goods … in that company. Some of them are faulty.
a) made b) making c) having made
9. I liked all the cosmetics … in the catalogue.
a) described b) describing c) having described
10. Stella translated all the texts … texts on economics.
a) included b) including c) having included
Упражнение 3. Переведите данные предложения с русского на английский язык, используя неличные формы глагола: герундий, инфинитив, причастие I и причастие II.
1. Джон Рэй решил предоставить скидку на данный вид услуг.
2. Он устал ждать решения.
3. Менеджер обещал доставить товары вовремя.
4. Полученный результат бизнес-операции был удовлетворительным.
5. Менеджеры спорили, обсуждая условия оплаты.
6. Тони Дэвис предложил составить каталог продукции.
7. Вы согласились помочь главному инженеру?
8. Директор этой компании боится рисковать.
9. Мы выпустили эту модель, чтобы получить прибыль.
10. Они старались назначить встречу на 23 марта.
IV. Модальные глаголы (Modal Verbs).
Модальные глаголы не выражают действия, а выражают свое отношение к действию: возможность, вероятность ( can, could, may), необходимость( must, have to) совершения действия. Само действие выражает инфинитив глагола.
Модальные глаголы в сочетании с неопределенным инфинитивом ( Indefinite Infinitive) выражает возможность или необходимость совершения действия в настоящем и будущем. Момент данного действия точно не определен. Например: He may come any moment. – Он может придти в любой момент.
You must learn this subject well. – Вы должны выучить этот предмет хорошо.
Модальные глаголы с продолженным инфинитивом выражают вероятность или необходимость выполнения действия в настоящий момент; состоят из модального глагола, инфинитива глагола “ to be” без частицы “ to” и причастия I. Например: The director must be talking with the Chief accountant now. – Должно быть, директор сейчас разговаривает с главным бухгалтером. They may be analyzing the problem now. – Возможно, они сейчас анализируют эту проблему.
В вопросительной форме модальный глагол употребляется перед подлежащим:
Например: Must the director be talking with the chief accountant?
May they be analyzing the problem now?
Модальные глаголы с перфектным инфинитивом означают то, что действие уже совершено. Такие конструкции состоят из модального глагола, вспомогательного глагола have
(has) и причастия II.
The company must have conducted the market research. – Должно быть компания провела исследование рынка.
Jason could have already gathered the necessary information –
Джейсон мог уже собрать необходимую информацию. В вопросительной форме модальный глагол употребляется перед подлежащим.
Could Jason have already gathered the necessary information?
Упражнение 1. Раскройте скобки, употребив нужный модальный глагол с инфинитивом:
Например: They are very busy now. They ( must discuss; must be discussing; must have discussed) the payment terms. 1-е предложение переводится следующим образом – Они сейчас очень заняты. В данном предложении есть ссылка на настоящий момент ( now), т.е. в следующей фразе нужно использовать must с продолженным инфинитивом ( Continuous Infinitive): They must be discussing the payment terms. – Должно быть, они обсуждают условия оплаты. 1. The Managing Director (can sign; can be signing; can have signed) the documents at this moment. He is working in his office.
2. This company has increased profit 3 times this year. They (must develop; must be developing; must have developed)new models of goods.
3. Lisa (may go; may be going; may have gone) to America. Her sister will work in New York.
4. My friends (can buy; can be buying; could have bought) a new car. They are going to the sea-side tomorrow.
5. The supplier (must provide; must be providing; must have provided) us with all the necessary things.
6. The “Success” (can improve; can be improving; can have improved) the quality of their cosmetics. Everybody likes it.
7. I think you (should reduce; should be reducing; should have reduced) prices. Your goods are too expensive.
8. The manager (must meet; must be meeting; must have met) the foreign partners. All the delegates are in the conference hall.
9. I suppose Robert (may spend; may be spending; may have spent) much money. He will go to Rome next week.
10. We (must test; must be testing; must have tested) the device before we start producing it.
Упражнение 2. Переведите данные предложения с русского языка на английский:
1. Цены могут снизиться в следующем месяце.
2. Должно быть, они уже забронировали номер в отеле.
3. Бухгалтер должен подготовить отчет.
4. Возможно, Сэм экономит деньги. Он хочет купить машину.
5. Нам следует изучить спрос и предложение.
6. Дэвид может решить эту проблему. Она не сложная.
7. Должно быть, директор продлил сроки поставки груза. Мы получим товары через 2 недели.
8. Я думаю, директор может заключить контракт с вашей компанией. Мы решили все проблемы.
9. Должно быть, президент уже приехал. Я видел его машину.
10. Эта компания может предоставить скидку. Я попрошу их.
Упражнение 3. Исправьте ошибки в следующих предложениях:
Например: Linda should to come soon. – Частица “ to” не используется после модального глагола “ should”. Данное предложение должно быть написано следующим образом: Linda should come soon.
1. Ray may negotiating with the Swedish company now.
2. The secretary may be make a phone call soon.
3. The economist may have already arrive.
4. You shouldn’t to forget this information.
5. Ben may listening to the president’s speech now.
6. This company must rejected our proposal.
7. The joint venture may issue a lot of shares now.
8. We must distributing the duties among the clerks.
9. The director should to appoint the date of the meeting.
10. They must have sell the goods.
Tests (Контрольные работы)
В приложении к данному методическому пособию предлагается ряд контрольных работ для дополнительной отработки грамматических структур в сравнении.
Test I
Variant I
1. Раскройте скобки, употребив глагол в одном из следующих времен: Present Simple, Present Continuous, Past Simple, Present Perfect, Future Simple (в активном или пассивном залоге):
During the company’s 20-year history, the organization (to see) many changes in production technique. In fact, it is still (to expand). They often (to invest) into new projects that’s why they succeed. I’m sure the company (to diversify) product range next year. The director Eric Stone (to establish) the company 20 years ago in London since then they (to employ) over 150 clerks. They regularly (do) market research. They (to manufacture) much technique last year and now the production department (to develop) a new model of TV set which they hope (to sell) in many countries. The previous model of TV set which they (to manufacture) 3 years ago (to purchase) by many people. They (to set up) many shops in Great Britain and in Europe and at this moment the representatives of this company (to negotiate) with Japanese company and want to establish joint venture.
2. Составьте рассказ о деятельности компании из следующих словосочетаний, употребив времена Present Simple, Present Continuous, Past Simple, Present Perfect:
- satisfy demand
- access costs
- take on credit
- limit expenditure - to sink a debt
3.Составьте вопросы к следующим ответам:
-
- How do you do?
-
- I’d like to discuss delivery terms.
-
- By ship.
-
- It will take us 3 days to deliver goods.
-
- I’m not sure but we will try to do it in 2 days.
-
- We will fax you all the details.
-
- Thank you. Good-bye.
4.Заполните пропуски в данном рассказе следующими глаголами: have worked; took; have increased; have made; enjoy; negotiate; will buy:
I … for “Morgan and Harrison” for 7 years. During this time we … production 3 times. We … a bank loan last year. We … new facilities next month. We … support of our business partners from Los Angeles. Our firm … 20 contracts for 5 years and I think we … with Swedish company pretty soon.
Variant II
1. Раскройте скобки, употребив глагол в одном из следующих времен: Present Simple, Present Continuous, Past Simple, Present Perfect, Future Simple (в активном или пассивном залоге):
This firm (to supply) us with TV sets for 10 years. We (to be) reliable partners since then. They often (to reduce) prices and give discounts to constant customers. Last year we (to make) many deals with our suppliers. All the spare parts that our partners (to produce) are of high-quality and now they (to work out) new technique. Their representatives (to visit) our company many times and many problems (to solve) during this period. Yesterday we (to talk) about a new transaction and (to agree) to continue working together. We (to sign) all the necessary papers and they (to promise) to provide our enterprise with the best technique and materials. We (to update) our production in future and employ new efficient staff. We want (to take) a bank credit to set up a subsidiary in Western Europe. I hope our partners (to support) us in all our activities in future. Our collaboration has always been successful.
2. Составьте рассказ о деятельности компании из следующих словосочетаний, употребив времена Present Simple, Present Continuous, Past Simple, Present Perfect, Future Simple:
- arrange plans
- get a loan
- draw up documents
- glut market
- slip goods
- manufacture cosmetics
3. Составьте вопросы к следующим ответам:
-
- Hello. -
- Glad to meet you, Mister Wilson.
-
- I think next week we will negotiate with your company and discuss this problem.
-
- We can give you a 5 per cent discount.
-
- We will install new equipment next month.
-
- Our company don’t want to run debts.
-
- It’s quite possible.
-
- OK. See you next week.
-
- See you.
4. Заполните пропуски в данном тексте следующими глаголами: has earned; established; cooperates; has sold; exports; have ordered; advertises; will work; satisfy:
John Horn … his firm in 1991. He … his goods all over the world and … much money. Every year he … the production of his company. He … his goods every month. Many companies
… this company developments for 3 years. This firm …. demand of all clients and try to increase volume of production.
John Horn … successfully for a long time.
Variant III
1. Раскройте скобки, употребив глагол в одном из следующих времен: Present Simple, Present Continuous, Past Simple, Past Perfect, Present Perfect, Future Simple (в активном или пассивном залоге):
This company (to decrease production) 2 months ago. They (to take) a bank loan in 1998 and didn’t remit money. They (to produce) clothes. They (to plan) to improve the quality of their goods but (not to hit) the target. I think they (to hire) inefficient workers before they (to go to smash). Faulty spare parts (to use) in the production of goods. They (not to advertise) their clothes for 3 years. Last Tuesday we (to discuss) the problems of the company for a long time. They (to ask) for help. Nevertheless I think it’s possible to find a solution of this problem. The Board of Directors of this company (to develop) a programme of further work now. The terms of production, delivery and market research (to think over) at this moment. Probably they (to manufacture) modern fashionable clothes soon.
2. Составьте рассказ из следующих словосочетаний, употребив времена Present Simple, Present Continuous, Past Simple, Present Perfect, Future Simple:
- access costs
- win confidence
- resume talks with
- dispatch goods
- put forward a plan
- float shares
3. Составьте вопросы к следующим ответам:
-
- How do you do.
-
- I hope I will answer all your questions.
-
- We are planning to set up a subsidiary.
-
- Our company succeed in producing new models of mobile phones.
-
- Average price will be $200 per item.
-
- They will be sold in 6 month.
-
- We have put advertisement in many papers.
- Thank you Miss Bright.
- You are welcome.
4.Заполните пропуски в данном тексте следующими глаголами: try; have bought; have raised; cut down; advertise; are developing; use
The quality of our cosmetics is very good. All top models in the world … our production for many years. We … our make up through papers, radio and TV. Our company … prices last year and as the result our profits … many times. We … only natural ingredients and always … to please every woman. Now we … a new mascara.