Особливості використання ідіом (стр. 16 из 16)
“You’re all alike: you won’t be satisfied till you’ve got what you want. If you must come to grief, you must; I wash my hands of it.”
So, he had washed his hands of it, making the condition that they should not marry until Bosinney had at least four hundred a year [VI, p.65].
«Усі ви однакові: не втихомиритеся, аж поки не доможетеся свого. Хочеш набратися лиха – хай буде по-твоєму, а я умиваю руки.
Отже, він і вмив руки, поставивши умову, що вони одружаться тільки тоді, коли Босіні матиме принаймні чотириста фунтів на рік» [II, c.60].
Частково-еквівалентний переклад з використанням прийомів компенсації та смислового розвитку:
He seems to me a poor thing. I should say the grey mare was the better horse!” [VI, с.123].
Мені здається, ні риба ні м’ясо. От побачите, він буде у неї на поводі [ІI, с.99].
Неідіоматичний переклад з використанням прийому цілісного перетворення:
“You shall walk up the pyramids of Egypt!” he growled. “At your peril you advertise! I wish I had only offered you a sovereign instead of ten pounds. Give me back nine pounds, Jane; I’ve a use for it.” [VI, c.116].
«Отакої! – буркнув він. – І не думайте звертатися до газети! Чого я не дав вам один соверен замість десяти фунтів! Віддайте мені дев’ять фунтів назад, Джен. Мені потрібні гроші» [I, c.217].
Додаток В
Кількісно-якісну характеристику вживаних у розглянутих типах художнього тексту ідіоматичних одиниць можна узагальнити за допомогою наступної таблиці:
Таблиця 2
| Тип художнього тексту | Кількість ідіом у творі автора | Загальна кількість ідіом у досліджуваних текстах | |||
| Ч.Діккенс | Ш.Бронте | Дж.Голсуорсі | |||
| Пряме мовлення | 98 | 34 | 55 | 187 | |
| Внутрішній монолог | 37 | 70 | 81 | 188 | |
| Описовий контекст | Пейзаж | 4 | 6 | 2 | 12 |
| Портрет | 20 | 7 | 5 | 32 | |
| Інтер’єр | 16 | 4 | 2 | 22 | |
| Оповідний контекст | 30 | 24 | 29 | 83 | |
Приклади використання ідіоматичних одиниць в окремих типах художнього тексту
Вживання ідіоматичної одиниці у прямому мовленні:
“I disliked Mr Brocklehusrt; and I was not alone in the feeling. He is a harsh man; at once pompous and meddling: he cut off our hair; and for economy’s sake bought us bad needles and thread, with which we could hardly sew”.
“And was that the head and front of his offending?” demanded Mr Rochester [IV, c.125].
Вживання ідіоматичної одиниці у внутрішньому монолозі персонажу:
He had hardly seen anything of her since it began. A bad business! He had no notion of giving her a lot of money to enable a fellow he knew nothing about to live on in idleness. He had seen that sort of thing before; no good ever came of it. Worst of all, he had no hope of shaking her resolution; she was as obstinate as a mule, always had been from a child. He didn’t see where it was to end. They must cut their coat according to their cloth. He would not give way till he saw young Bosinney with an income of his own. That June would have trouble with the fellow was as plain as a pikestaff; he had no more idea of money than a cow. As to this rushing down to Wales to visit the young man’s aunts, he fully expected they were old cats [VI, с.65].
Вживання ідіоматичної одиниці в описовому контексті:
Veiling under a Jove-like serenity that perpetual antagonism deep-seated in the bosom of a director towards his Shareholders, he faced them calmly [VI, c.202].
Вживання ідіоматичної одиниці в оповідному контексті:
“ I witnessed and several more witnessed Mr Rochester ascend through the skylight on to the roof: we heard him call “Bertha!”; we saw him approach her, and then, ma’am, she yelled, and gave a spring, and the next minute she lay smashed on the pavement” [IV, c.423].
Додаток Д
Вживання ідіоматичних одиниць у складі індивідуально-авторських стилістичних образотворчих засобів
Використання ідіоматичної одиниці у складі індивідуально-авторської метафори:
A new vista of life was thus opened up, a promised land of talk, where he could find a harbour against the waves of anticipation and regret; where he could soothe his soul with the opium of devising how to round off his property and make eternal the only part of him that was to remain alive [VI, p.79-80].
Використання ідіоматичної одиниці у складі розгорнутої метафори як її кульмінаційний елемент:
Hear an illustration, reader.
A lover finds his mistress asleep on a mossy bank; he wishes to catch a glimpse of her fair face without waking her. He steals softly over the grass, careful to make no sound; he pauses — fancying she has stirred: he withdraws: not for worlds would he be seen. All is still: he again advances: he bends above her; a light veil rests on her features: he lifts it, bends lower; now his eyes anticipate the vision of beauty — warm, and blooming, and lovely, in rest. How hurried was their first glance! But how they fix! How he starts! How he suddenly and vehemently clasps in both arms the form he dared not, a moment since, touch with his finger! How he calls aloud a name, and drops his burden, and gazes on it wildly! He thus grasps and cries, and gazes, because he no longer fears to waken by any sound he can utter — by any movement he can make. He thought his love slept sweetly: he finds she is stone dead.
I looked with timorous joy towards a stately house: I saw a blackened ruin” [IV, c.419].
Вживання ідіоматичної одиниці для утворення евфемізму:
And every day Aunts Juley and Hester were required to come and report on Timothy; what news there was of Nicholas; whether dear June had succeeded in getting Jolyon to shorten the engagement, now that Mr. Bosinney was building Soames a house; whether young Roger’s wife was really—expecting; how the operation on Archie had succeeded; and what Swithin had done about that empty house in Wigmore Street, where the tenant had lost all his money and treated him so badly; above all, about Soames; was Irene still—still asking for a separate room? [VI, c.116].
Вживання ідіоматичних одиниць для утворення індивідуально-авторських перифраз:
Be that as it may, he had directed Mrs. Pocket to be brought up from her cradle as one who in the nature of things must marry a title, and who was to be guarded from the acquisition of plebeian domestic knowledge.
So successful a watch and ward had been established over the young lady by this judicious parent, that she had grown up highly ornamental, but perfectly helpless and useless. With her character thus happily formed, in the first bloom of her youth she had encountered Mr. Pocket: who was also in the first bloom of youth, and not quite decided whether to mount to the Woolsack, or to roof himself in with a mitre. As his doing the one or the other was a mere question of time, he and Mrs. Pocket had taken Time by the forelock (when, to judge from its length, it would seem to have wanted cutting), and had married without the knowledge of the judicious parent. [V, p.135].
Вживання видозміненої ідіоматичної одиниці у вигляді переосмисленого прислів’я як прояв інтертекстуальності:
“And where Irene seems hard and cruel – as in the Bois de Boulogne, or the Goupenor Gallery – she is but wisely realistic, knowing that the least concession is an inch which precedes the impossible, the repulsive ell” [VI, c.37].
Додаток Е
Графік структурної класифікації ідіоматичних одиниць у художніх творах
