Unit 1
ENGLISH IN BUSINESS
THE MORE, THE BETTER?
"English is more and more necessary for international business, but less and less sufficient"(Leonard Orban, EU Commissioner for Multilingualism)
1 Pre-reading task. Discuss the following questions in groups:
-People have always needed a common language to communicate. What language have they used for this purpose in Europe?
-What language have European community had as an international one in different periods of history?
-What language do you learn as a second language? How can you apply the knowledge of English in your future life? What are your ambitions?
2 Read the following statement. Do you agree or disagree? Prepare arguments to support your view. “English is more and more necessary for international business, but less and less sufficient”
PART I
3 Read, learn and keep in memory the following expressions, try to use them in your own sentences:
-public funding
-tangible return on investment
-to benefit from learning a foreign language
-competition for public funding
-market failure
-insufficient language skills
-the revealing results
-inadequate intercultural skills
-small-and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)
-the total value of smth
-a quantifiable benefit
-to undertake a number of studies
-export markets
4 Read the first part of the text
YOUR BENEFITS FROM LEARNING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE
a) Why should you learn a foreign language? That might seem like a stupid question,particularly coming from a company that publishes language-learning magazines. Surely, the more foreign languages you can speak, the better. Yes, probably. But sometimes simple questions are not as stupid as they seem.
Of course, it's easy to think of reasons for learning languages. You can travel more easily, communicate with more people, and learn about other countries and cultures. Languages can also help you in your current job, or be an advantage if you want a new job.
b) But look again at that last paragraph. It's all about "you, you, you". You benefit privately from learning a foreign language. You benefit in your career, language skills benefit society more generally — for example, by improving international understanding. And companies benefit from the language skills of their employees.
c) Anne Davidson Lund, a director of CILT, the National Centre for Languages in the UK. says: “figures speak more loudly than words in a climate where language learning is not an unquestioned right, where competition for public funding for education and training is intense, and where the prize goes to those who can show a tangible return on investment in termsof their nation'sbank balance. Can we win that prize for languages?"
d) Lund argued that, if the business sector wants to secure more public funding for foreign-language education and training, it must show that language skills bring a quantifiable benefit to companies. Also, the business sector must show that there is "market failure": that is, firms are not currently getting all the language skills they need.
CILT has undertaken a number of studies to look into these questions. The most important one was the 2007 "ELAN" study {Effects on the European Union Economy of Shortages of Foreign Language Skills in Enterprise— see box, page 19) for the European Commission. This looked at firms in 29 European countries and tried to quantify the value of contracts lost because of insufficient language skills.
e) The results were revealing. The report found that there was a clear link between language skills and export success. And among a sample of 2,000 small- andmedium-sized enterprises (SMEs),11 per cent said that they had lost contracts as a result of a lack of language skills. (In most countries, ten per cent said they had also lost contracts because of inadequate intercultural skills.) Some of these contracts were worth over €1 million, with the average being €345,000. The report estimated that the total value of lost business to the EU economy because of poor language skills in SMEs was around €100 billion a year.
f) The ELAN report identified four key elements of language management in companies that were successful in export markets:"... having a language strategy, appointing native speakers, recruiting staff with language skills and using translators and interpreters". An SME investing in all of these four elements was found to have an export-sales proportion 44.5 per cent higher than one that does not do so.
5 Read through the first part of the article quickly once more. Match each sentence 1-7 to the sentence a-g that should logically follow it.
1 Foreign languages can
2 You benefit privately
3 You can travel more easily, communicate with more people and
4 Language skills benefit society more generally by
5 The prize goes to those who can show a
6 If you want to secure more public funding for foreign-language training and educations…
7 Four key elements of language management for success in export markets are:
a) it must show that language skills bring a quantifiable benefit to companies
b) improving international understanding
c) a language strategy, appointing native speakers, recruiting staff with language skills and using translators and interpreters
d) also help you in your current job
e ) learn about other countries and cultures
f) tangible return on investment in terms of their nation’s bank balance
g) from learning a foreign language
6 Think about the questions to paragraphs A-F which require the answers, presenting the main idea of each paragraph.
PART II
1. Read, learn and remember the following expressions, try to use them in your own sentences:
-to make recommendations for improving language skills
-regional and minority languages
-linguistic diversity
-to gain a competitive advantage
-less sufficient
-mother tongue
-to deal with different languages
-the importance of implementing strategies for developing the language skills
-disseminating best practices on language strategies
-targeting the official language
-to master the language of the consumers
-to have access to the behaviour and attitudes of others
-to target English as a priority
-to meet companies’ language needs
-challenges facing multinational companies
-to integrate employees into their workforces
2 Read the text
COMPANIES SHOULD INVEST MORE IN FOREIGN-LANGUAGE SKILLS
Following the ELAN report, Leonard Orban, the EU Commissioner for Multilingualism, set up the "Business Forum for Multilingualism" to make recommendations for improving language skills in EU companies Orban speaks about the role of foreign languages in business.
1) Why is multilingualism so important for the EU?
The EU already has 23 official languages, more than 60 regional and minority languages and hundreds of other languages spoken by people originally from outside the EU. We now want to make full use of this linguistic diversity. We want to show that, rather than being a burden, it is an asset for the EU — for cultural, educational and professional reasons. Also, EU companies can gain a competitive advantage through foreign language skills. But one of the main ideas from the Business Forum for Multilingualism is that English is not enough. English is more and more necessary for international business, but less and less sufficient.
2) So, how good are the language skills of EU citizens?
We are still a long way from our goal of every citizen learning at least two foreign languages. Only 28 per cent of European citizens are able to speak at least two foreign languages. And nearly half of European citizens can speak only their mother tongue.
3) What role should companies play here?
Companies should invest more in developing the abilities of their workers to deal with different languages. I think especially at the level of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) there is not enough awareness of the importance of languages other than English and of the importance of implementing strategies for developing their employees' language skills. So we have made a number of recommendations in the report on ways to help firms. Of course, increased financial support should be considered — at the EU level, but also at national, regional and local levels. But we also propose a new European internet platform for collecting and disseminating best practices on language strategies.
4) But are language skills only the companies' responsibility?
No, it's a shared responsibility. The European institutions also have a contribution to make, but so do the member states through improvements in their education systems. And so do individuals themselves.
5) Latin is still one of the most common foreign languages taught in educational institutions. Shouldn't this time and effort be spent more usefully on modern foreign languages?
Our task in the European Commission is to defend andpromote the linguistic diversity in Europe. That means targeting mainly the official languages of the EU. So, we look less at languages like Latin or ancient Greek. But these languages, even though they are no longer tools of communication, can be useful in terms of personal development. So we are not against these languages. But we would encourage people to learn a large variety of European languages. There are so many languages — for example, those of neighbouring countries in the EU, or of non-EU countries — and people should choose whatever languages they want.
6) When you say people should learn two foreign languages, do you mean two EU languages?
No, Europeans should also learn the languages of non-EU countries. For example, there are more and more Chinese people who are learning European languages. But Europeans should also learn Mandarin, Russian, Urdu, Japanese and so on. This will help not only individuals but also our companies, and so help the Union to become more competitive.
7) But, surely, learning better English is still the priority for many EU employees.
Of course, we acknowledge that English is more or less a lingua franca for communication between companies. And we are talking about the need for good English, because very often people speak bad English. But when you are addressing consumers, it is a completely different story. English is not enough. You need to master the language of your consumers. For example, it has been shown that many people in Germany don't understand advertising slogans that are in English. And we are not only talking about language skills; we're talking about intercultural skills. Teaching a language doesn't mean just teaching grammar, pronunciation etc. It means teaching a culture, literature and so on. It means having access to the behaviour and attitudes of others. We need to understand that others may think in a different way. These are the sorts of skills that are needed to do business in other places. So, while English will continue to be important, companies should add other languages, and other abilities, in order to become more competitive.
8) Which, then, are the most important foreign languages for EU workers to learn apart from English?
That's not for us to say. It's up to every company to decide which language skills they need, according to their activities and plans. For example, some companies may target Mandarin as a priority. Others may target Hindi. We don't want to tell the companies what to do. We just want to tell them that languages are an important part of their performance, and that they should consider this seriously.
9) Don't firms solve their language needs pragmatically by, for example, hiring people from other countries who speak two other languages as well as their native tongue?
Yes, in many cases, companies do meet their language needs by finding the right people to employ. On theother hand, as politicians, we have to think about all European citizens and give them the chance to become more competitive and to find better jobs. It is also to the advantage of EU companies if they can find people in their own countries with the necessary language skills. And, as we say in our report, one of the main challenges facing multinational companies in the EU — and society more generally — is to integrate employees from different nationalities and ethnic backgrounds into their workforces. And this means that the training of existing employees could be the best option.
3 Match each sentence 1-10 to the sentence a-j that should logically follow it.
1 EU companies can gain…
2 Only 28% of European citizens are able
3 Companies should invest more in
4 We propose a new European internet platform for
5 Our task in the European Community is
6 We acknowledge that English is more or less a
7 Teaching a language doesn’t mean
8 While English will continue to be important,
9 It’s up to every company to decide which language
10 One of the main challenges facing multinational companies in EU is
a) collecting and disseminating best practices on language strategies
b) lingua franca for communication between companies
c) a competitive advantage through foreign language skills
d) integrate employees from different nationalities and ethnic backgrounds
e) companies should add other languages and other abilities in order to become more competitive
f) to speak at least two foreign languages
g) to promote the linguistic diversity
h) skills they need, according to their activities and plans
i) just teaching grammar and pronunciation, but also a culture, literature and so on
j) developing the abilities of their workers to deal with different languages
4 Read through the article, part two once more. Try to summarize in a sentence what each paragraph 1-9 is about
5 Read the questions which are the headings of the paragraphs 1-9. Answer the questions. Don’t look into the text.
! Home assignment: get ready to speak about the problems of multilingualism in European community. For more information use the following sites:
For more information: Companies work better with languages — the Business Forum for Multilingualism, European Commission: http://ec.europa.eu/ education/languages/news/newsl669_ en. htm
Effects on the European Union Economy of Shortages of Foreign Language Skills in Enterprise (ELAN), European Commission (2007): http://www.cilt.org.uk/research/projects/ empioyment/elan. htm
Europeans and Languages, Eurobarometer Report (2006), European Commission: for Europe, Conference Report (2008), British Council: http://www. britishcouncil. de/pdf/report08. pdf
ORGANIZATIONS
■British Council: www.britishcouncil.org
■CILT, the National Centre for Languages: www.cilt.org.uk European Commission (Multilingualism): http://ec.europa.eu/ education/languages/index__ en. Htm
Unit 2
WORK AND LIFE BALANCE
1 Many business people are facing the problem of how to keep a balance between theirbusiness career and private life. What priorities would you set up if dealing with the sameproblem?
2 Read and discuss three parts of the article by Vicki Sussens-Messerer"Fitting it all" inwhich she presenfthree different points on work-life balance ( Spotlight 6/2008).
FITTING IT ALL
PENNY FERGUSON, mother of six and owner of leadership-development company Penny Ferguson Limited, in Newbury, England.
Penny Ferguson is sitting in the log-cabin office in the garden of her country home in Newbury, in southern England. The 65-year-old British leadership specialist has just spent 20 minutes relaxing in an armchair. She arrived back from Canada the night before and was up early for a breakfast meeting with clients. She is tired and in a reflective mood. "I have consciously started to take more quality time for me," she says. " That is a big change because I chose to work pretty hard for the last ten years."
In fact, Ferguson has worked hard her whole life. She has six children, five grandchildren and four terriers, and started her company at the age of fifty. At one point, she had six small children, two step-children and nine dogs. "I used to go shopping with eight children," she says. "I had the three eldest pushing the youngest in the prams and I held the hands of the middle two".