Ученики могут согласиться или не согласиться. Им предлагается обсудить этот вопрос.
7. To Jonathon Porrit’s opinion there’s a way out, the alternative humankind can put across to materialism. What is it?
Jonathon Porrit’s opinion is that an increasing awareness of the spiritual values of humankind is the way out, the alternative we can put/ we’re putting across materialism.
Now we are going to play a role game. Make two groups. Your task is to make up a kind of dialogue-discussion of 6 or more sentences between a member of “Green Peace” and the director of a powerful oil trust. The first group’s task is to convince the director of the need to shut down the company, the second side should refuse to do it and to give the reasons for such a stand. Choose the person who will introduce the dialogue, but the other members of each group also may take part in the discussion. Use the cards with the words and expressions.
| Green Peace | Director | |
| 1 | to make assumptions about the shape of the future | have to consider ecology within a social and political context |
| 2 | the world in which our children will have to go out | to feel a strange mixture of pessimism and optimism |
| 3 | to look more carefully at the relationship between humankind and the planet | not to face the problems in a constructive way |
| 4 | to face the crucial problems; renewable resources, such as clean air and water | the problems of poverty, famine and hunger (which we saw last year in Ethiopia and Sudan) |
| 5 | non-renewable resources, the speed of using up oil and gas | on the other side of the coin; the arms build-up, to spend one thousand million million dollars on arms every year |
| 6 | to put across the alternative to materialism an increasing awareness of spiritual values | can increase human wealth by producing and consuming more |
Fill the blanks in the text.
I Could I ask you please, how did your interest in the environment, and the need to protect it, begin?
P It really all began because I was a teacher, and teaching in an inner London comprehensive school near Shepherd’s Bush, and obviously a lot of the work we were doing were ... was _________________________about the shape of ______________, and the world into which those children would have ___________________, after they’d finished their five years’ schooling. And I became more and more involved in trying ______________ what the shape of the planet would be like after the year two thousand, and one of the big projects that we did with some of our kids was to look more carefully at the relationship between __________________ and the planet. And that got me interested in the whole subject, and I started reading much more about __________. And then I began to realize that you can’t really talk about ecology as a science, you have_________________________________________________. And that’s what drew me into Green politics. I became increasingly involved in several organizations, tried to wrap my... mind more and more around the economics of the issues, as that’s really the key to it all, and eventually ended up with “Friends of the Earth”, as...as director.
I I see. When you look into the future, the next thirty years, a reasonably long term, you perhaps see reasons to be both optimistic and pessimistic. What changes and developments do you think we might see over the next thirty years?
P It is very hard to predict - it has to be said - and I do __________________________________. I call myself a______________________, looking at some of the issues we face, and yet if we don’t face them in a constructive way, then that pessimism merely feeds on itself, and becomes fatalism, and the world really will get into a very sorry state. But obviously, the ______________________problems we _________ now are largely those of population, which is a problem... which is unfolding remorselessly, and will really hit us in the middle of the next century; the misuse or abuse of the world’s resources, both the _________________________, such as the clean air, clean water, and the ______________________, the speed with which we’re using up oil, gas, whatever else it may be; the appalling problems of ______________ and ______________ and hunger, which er... what we saw last year in Ethiopia and Sudan, I’m sorry to say, is merely a very small indication of the kind of things we’re going to see before now and the turn of the century; the arms ________________, which has reached really staggeringly immoral levels er... one thousand million million dollars now being spent on arms every year, instead of being spent on the kinds of things that it ought to go on. And all of those problems, to us, which we, which we consider to be the problems of er... the misuse of the planet are very daunting. And they’re not separate, they are all interconnected. And what I think is only just dawning on people, is that a lot of these problems do have the same roots, namely the unsustainable system that we insist upon at the moment, believing that the only way we can _____________human _______________ is by producing more and ____________________ more, even if we destroy the planet in the process. On the __________________coin personally I think that there’s another way out, the ________________ we’re putting across to __________________ - an increasing _________________ of the ______________ values.
I Mr Porrit, thank you very much indeed.
P Thanks.
Предложить ученикам дома написать сочинение, используя прослушанный текст, изложить в нем свои собственные взгляды на проблему экологии.
Your home task is to make a composition using the text, where you have to express your own opinion about the problem of ecology.
ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ
Подводя итоги данной курсовой работы, мы пришли к следующим выводам.
Изучение теоретических материалов и анализ специальной литературы, посвященных проблеме аутентичных материалов показали, что, хотя в последнее время ведется активная исследовательская работа в этой области, проблема определения и функциональности использования аутентичных материалов в процессе обучения иностранному языку еще далеко не решена, и продолжает оставаться актуальной, требуя особенного внимания со стороны современных методистов.
Анализ использования аутентичных материалов в УМК “Headway” выявил, что предложенные в нем аудитивные (и прочие) материалы отвечают параметрам и критериям аутентичности, и, следовательно, использование данного УМК именно на старшем этапе не только целесообразно, но и необходимо, так как этот вид речевой деятельности обеспечивает приобретение тех умений и навыков, которые реально помогут выпускникам общаться на иностранном языке, не испытывая трудностей, связанных с пониманием иноязычной речи на слух.
Наблюдение на уроках и анкетирование учащихся, а также анализ практического использования аутентичных материалов на старшем этапе обучения аудированию показал, что, с одной стороны, их использование повышает мотивацию к изучению иностранного языка, так как делает процесс обучения более творческим и интересным, но с другой стороны требует специально разработанной методики, отличной от традиционной, основанной на учебных материалах.
Необходимо также отметить, что, по мнению многих ведущих методистов, использование аутентичных материалов необходимо на всех этапах обучения иностранному языку во всех видах речевой деятельности, так как именно аутентичные материалы создают иллюзию приобщения к естественной языковой среде, знакомят учащихся с культурой и повседневной жизнью страны изучаемого языка, помогают повысить мотивацию к изучению иностранного языка как предмета.
СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ
1. Воронина Г.И. Организация работы с аутентичными текстами молодежной прессы в старших классов школ с углубленным изучением немецкого языка // Иностранные языки в школе. - 1999. - № 2.
2. Елухина Н.В. Обучение аудированию в русле коммуникативно ориентированной методики // Иностранные языки в школе . -1989. - № 2.
3. Елухина Н.В. Преодоление основных трудностей понимания иноязычной речи на слух как условие формирования способности устно общаться // Иностранные языки в школе . -1996. - № 4.
4. Елухина Н.В. Обучение слушанию иноязычной речи // Иностранные языки в школе . -1996. - № 5.
5. Елухина Н.В. Основные трудности аудирования и пути их преодоления // Иностранные языки в школе. - 1995.- № 2.
6. Зайцева Л. А. Требования к аудитивному материалу, содержащему неизученную лексику // Иностранные языки в школе . -1996. - № 3.
7. Колшанский Г.Н. Лингвокоммуникативные аспекты речевого общения // Иностранные языки в школе. -1985. - № 1.
8. Кричевская К..С. Прагматические материалы, знакомящие учеников с культурой и средой обитания жителей страны изучаемого языка // Иностранные языки в школе . -1996. - № 1.
9. Кулиш Л.Ю. Виды аудирования // Иностранные языки в школе. -1984. - № 2.
10.Носонович Е.В., Мильруд Г.П. Параметры аутентичного учебного текста // Иностранные языки в школе . - 1999. - № 1.
11.Носонович Е.В., Мильруд Г.П. Критерии содержательной аутентичности учебного текста // Иностранные языки в школе . - 1999. - № 2.
12. Пруссаков Н.Н. Трудности при обучению аудированию иноязычного звучащего текста // Иностранные языки в школе . -1994. - № 6.
13. Рогова Г.В., Рабинович Ф.М., Сахарова Т.Е. Методика обучения иностранному языку в средней школе. -М.: Просвещение, 1991.
Приложение №1.
Образец анкеты.
ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ №2.
Unit 7. Taprscript 21. An interview with Jonathon Porrit (время звучания 3 минуты 35 секунд).
I - Interviewer
P - Jonathon Porrit
I Could I ask you please, how did your interest in the environment, and the need to protect it, begin?
P It really all began because I was a teacher, and teaching in an inner London comprehensive school near Shepherd’s Bush, and obviously a lot of the work we were doing were ... was making assumptions about the shape of the future, and the world into which those children would have to go out, after they’d finished their five years’ schooling. And I became more and more involved in trying to think what the shape of the planet would be like after the year two thousand, and one of the big projects that we did with some of our kids was to look more carefully at the relationship between humankind and the planet. And that got me interested in the whole subject, and I started reading much more about ecology. And then I began to realize that you can’t really talk about ecology as a science, you have to consider ecology within a social and political context. And that’s what drew me into Green politics. I became increasingly involved in several organizations, tried to wrap my... mind more and more around the economics of the issues, as that’s really the key to it all, and eventually ended up with “Friends of the Earth”, as...as director.
I I see. When you look into the future, the next thirty years, a reasonably long term, you perhaps see reasons to be both optimistic and pessimistic. What changes and developments do you think we might see over the next thirty years?
P It is very hard to predict - it has to be said - and I do feel a strange mixture of pessimism and optimism. I call myself a constructive pessimist, looking at some of the issues we face, and yet if we don’t face them in a constructive way, then that pessimism merely feeds on itself, and becomes fatalism, and the world really will get into a very sorry state. But obviously, the crucial problems we face now are largely those of population, which is a problem... which is unfolding remorselessly, and will really hit us in the middle of the next century; the misuse or abuse of the world’s resources, such as the clean air, clean water, and the non-renewable resources, the speed with which we’re using up oil, gas, whatever else it may be; the appalling problems of poverty and famine and hunger, which er... what we saw last year in Ethiopia and Sudan, I’m sorry to say, is merely a very small indication of the kind of things we’re going to see before now and the turn of the century; the arms build-up, which has reached really staggeringly immoral levels er... one thousand million million dollars now being spent on arms every year, instead of being spent on the kinds of things that it ought to go on. And all of those problems, to us, which we, which we consider to be the problems of er... the misuse of the planet are very daunting. And they’re not separate, they are all interconnected. And what I think is only just dawning on people, is that a lot of these problems do have the same roots, namely the unsustainable system that we insist upon at the moment, believing that the only way we can increase human wealth is by producing more and consuming more, even if we destroy the planet in the process. On the other side of the coin personally I think that there’s another way out, the alternative we’re putting across to materialism - an increasing awareness of the spiritual values.
I Mr Porrit, thank you very much indeed.
В настоящее время наука не может со стопроцентной точностью проследить все этапы образования Земли. Согласно наиболее распространённой теории, атмосфера Земли во времени пребывала в четырёх различных составах. Первоначально она состояла из лёгких газов (водорода и гелия), захваченных из межпланетного пространства. Это так называемая первичная атмосфера. На следующем этапе активная вулканическая деятельность привела к насыщению атмосферы и другими газами, кроме водорода (углеводородами, аммиаком, водяным паром). Так образовалась вторичная атмосфера. Эта атмосфера была восстановительной. Далее процесс образования атмосферы определялся следующими факторами: