1. Момент прошедшего времени выражается обстоятельством времени с предлогом by, часто в сочетании с наречием already.
2. Момент прошедшего времени выражается другим прошедшим действием в PastSimple в придаточном предложении времени.
FuturePerfect Будущее завершенное время
| Утвердительная форма | Вопросительная форма | Отрицательная форма | |
| I shall have finishedHe will have She finishedIt We shall have finishedYou will have They finished | Shall I have finished? heWill she have it finished? Shall we have finished?Will you have they finished? | I shall have not finished He will have She not It finished.We shall have not finishedYou will haveThey finished | |
FuturePerfectTense выражает действие, которое уже закончится ранее определенного момента будущего времени; переводится на русский язык будущим временем совершенного вида обычно в сочетании с такими наречиями, как already, before, after, предлогом by.
Past Perfect & Future Perfect
Ex. 81 Translate into Russian.Переведитенарусскийязык.1. We had already built this plant by the end of 1997. 2.I had already written my exercise by half past six. 3. At nine o'clock he had already left. 4 I had written my exercise before he came. 5. They had returned home long before I rang them up.
Ex. 82Дополните предложения для обоснования использования глаголов в PastPerfectTense. Образец: We had lived here for six years. Then we moved to Bruges.
1.I had worked at this ministry for two years.
2. He had eaten his breakfast.
3. Tom had been a student for 5 years.
4. The dog had eaten the meat. 5
5. Nick had told the whole story.
6. Tom had done his lessons.
7. He had called the managers.
8. He had bought a new brief- case. 9. He had chopped the firewood. 10. He had got a job offer.
| SIMPLE простое | PROGRESSIVE длительное | |
| Действие регулярное ,обычное, постоянное, констатация факта. | Действие, происходящее в данный момент, заплани-рованное действие.Процесс. | |
| PRESENT настоящее | V,Vs(гл. в I ф. без частицы to)I write letters every day.He writes letters every day.Do, does (3л. ед.ч.) вспом.глDo you write letters?He doesn’t write letters.Always(всегда), every day ( week, month ) ,often [ofn] часто,usually обычно | to be(am, is, are) + V-ingI am writing a letter now.He is writing a letter now.Are you writing a letter?They are not writing a letternow (сейчас). Now, at this moment , right now Спряжение глагола to beЕд. ч. 1 л. I am Мн. ч. We are 2 л. You are You are 3 л. He, she, it is They are |
| PAST прошедшее | V-ed (regular verb),V2(II form of irregular verb (неправильный гл.) I wrote a letter yesterday.He asked last year(в пр. году).Did he write a letter?You didn’t ask that.Yesterday(вчера),last year(в прошлом году),a month ago(месяц назад). | to be (was,were ) + V-ingI was writing a letter at that time.They were (мн.ч) writing a letter at5 o’clock yesterday.Were (мн. ч.) you writing a letter at that time?He was not writing at that time.At that time, at 5 o’clock, all the time, while you werereading. |
| FUTURE будущее | Shall(1л. ед. ч), will+VI shall write a letter tomorrow.He will write a letter next month.When will we write a letter?Will he write a letter?She will not write tomorrow.Tomorrow(завтра), next week(на след. неделе),in two years(через 2 года). | Shall(will) be + VingI shall be writing a letter at 7 o’clock in the evening.Will he be writing a letter when Icome?He will not be writing a letter whilehe will be writing an article.At 7 o’clock tomorrow,when Icome, while he’ll be doing it. |
| PERFECT завершенное | PERFECTPROGRESSIVEзавершено- длительное |
| Действие, завершенное к данному моменту. (связано с настоящим) | Действие, длящееся в течение определенного периода времени. |
| to have (has- 3л. ед.ч.)+V-ed (regular verb- прав. гл.)+V3 (III form of irregular verb)I have already written a letter.He has just answered this letter Has she done this task?You haven’t written this task .Already(уже) ,yet(еще-отриц предл.),Just (только что) ,this week( на этой неделе), today( сегодня), never(никогда),ever(когда-либо), lately(недавно). | to have(has)been + + V-ingI have been writing this letter for 2 hours.Since when has he been writing this letter?He hasn’t been writing thisLetter for 5 hours.Since 5 o’clock (с 5 часов) , for 2hours (a month, a day) |
| Had + V3(III form of irregularverb), + V-ed(regular verb)I had written a letter by that time.He had answered this questions by5 o’clock.Had you written a letter by that time?She hadn’t written a letter by that timeBy that time( к тому времени), by 5 o’clock,Before he came. | Had been + V-ingI had been studying English for an hour when you came.Had he been studying English since 2 o’clockwhen he came?For an hour, since 5o’clock (when you came) |
| Shall(will) have+V3, +V-edI shall have written the letter by 7o’clock tomorrow.Will you have written this letter beforeI come?He will not have written this letterbefore I come.By 2 o’clock tomorrow, beforeyou come. | Shall(will)have been + VingShe will have been writing fortwo hours by the time he comes. Shall we have been studyingEnglish next year for 5 years?For 2 years, when I finish my work. |
Ex. 83 Раскройтескобки, употребляяглаголыв Past Simple и Past Perfect.
1.Не (to study) better than his father (to do). 2. They (to spend) their vacation last year at the same . village where they (to live) many years ago. 3. When we (to come) she already (to send) the children away and (to be free) to speak to us. 4. Yesterday I (to buy) a new watch as I (to lose) my old one. 5. He (to take) the boy to the door by which he himself (to enter) the room. 6. He (to open) his eyes (to look) around and (think) for some time, trying to remember what (to happen) to him. 7. After they travelled in the Caucasus they (to decide) to make a sea voyage. 8. They (to see) at once that the man (to travel) a lot. 9. He could go to the seaside in June because he (to pass) all his examination. 10. He (to eat) all the cakes after she (to tell) him not to do it. 11. The day after the party he (to ask) why we (to leave) so early. 12. After they (to go) at last I (to go) to bed. 13 I (have) nothing to eat and felt very hungry. 14. As soon as he quite (finish), he looked round. 15. I ... never (see) him in my life, so of course I couldn't recognize him. 16. He (eat) quickly, then he got up and walked out.
Ex. 84 Переведите на русский язык.
1. Will you have come home by 5 o'clock? 2. We shall have erected this dam by 2002.3. Inthree years' time I shall have taken my degree. 4. John will not have signed the contract before we come. 5. Will you have repaired the watch by Friday? 6. John will have examined the car well before he buys it.
Ex. 85Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в FuturePerfect.
1. By next winter he (to sold) all his things. 2. He (to leave) when you arrive. 3. By next month he (to write) his fourth play. 4. We (to solve) this difficult problem by the end of the week. 5. The wind (to drop) by then. 6. When the sun sets I (to read) this book. 7. If you come at nine they (to have) dinner. 8. If you ring me up after nine o'clock, I (to speak) to the doctor. 9. We (to travel) twenty miles more before we cross the frontier 10. Next year we (to be) together for ten years.
Вместо Future Perfect Tense вобстоятельственныхпридаточныхпредложенияхпослеafter, when, as soon as, before, ifупотребляется Present Perfect.
Ex. 86Переведитенарусскийязык1.I shall leave for Moscow as soon as I have finished my business here. 2. He will not see you before I spoken to him. 3. She will return this magazine after she has read it. 4. Don't come here before you have finished writing this letter. 5.I shall lend you this journal as soon as I have read it. 6. As soon as I have come home, I will call you. 7. After you have finished writing this document, please, call the manager about it 8. When you have done the work, you still will have plenty of time. 9. As soon as you have got any news, let me know.
Ex.87 Fill in the verbs.
Could, is going, didn’t walk, would, began, is playing, are, have been, will travel, haven’t
finished
1) They … never … to London.
2) I think he … to watch TV.
3) … you like some apple juice?
4) They … not rich enough to buy a new house.
5) The boy … the guitar now.
6) My parent … by plane next week.
7) … you help me, please?
8) We … this exercise now.
9) I … school when I was six years old.
10) They … to school yesterday.
Ex. 88 Fill in the verbs.
Will travel, wrote, would, could, haven’t got, are drinking, has cooked, have polluted, recycle, is going
1) Factories and cars … the air. 8) … you like a cap of coffee?
2) … you turn the TV down, please. 9) I … enough money for this dress.
3) He … a dictation yesterday. 10) We … there by plane.
4) They usually … unnecessary things.
5) We … coffee now.
6) Her family … to buy a car.
7) My mother … already … dinner.
Past Perfect Progressive (Continuous) Tense Прошедшеезавершено-длительноевремя
| Утвердительная форма | Вопросительная форма | Отрицательная форма |
| IHeShe had ItWe been You waitingThey | I he she it Had we been you waiting?they | HeShe ItWe had not You been They waiting |
| Типичный предлог для Past Perfect Progressive — for. Past Perfect Progressive выражает действие, длившееся в определенный период времени в прошлом до указанного момента или включая этот момент. | ||
Future Perfect Progressive (Continuous) Tense Будущеезавершено-длительноевремя
| Утвердительная форма | Вопросительная форма | Отрицательная форма |
| I shall have been waitingHe will have She been It waitingWe shall have been waitingYou have They been waiting | Shall I have been waiting? he have Will she been it waiting?Shall we have been waiting? you haveWill they been waiting? | I shall have not been waitingHe will have She not been It waitingWe shall have not been waitingYou will have They not been waiting |
Типичныйпредлогдля Future Perfect Progressive — for.FuturePerfectProgressive выражает действие, которое будет происходить в определенный период времени в будущем до указанного момента или включая этот момент.
Ex.89Choose the right tense .
1) I .... at the University since September . a) study b) am studying c) have been studying
2) He .... already this film . a) saw b) has seen c) had seen
3) We .... on the blackboard with a peace of chalk . a) are writing b) write c) have been writing
4) He ..... this film last week . a) has seen b) had seen c) saw
5) Don`t come to the room . The students from our group ..... a test here .
a) write b) have been writing c) are writing
Ex.90 Ask questions .
She teaches English at the University . a) does b) where c) what d) who
Last summer he went to the Caucasus . a) did b) where c) when d) who
Ex. 91Fill in the gaps .
1) Ann and all other students are in the lecture hall . They ..... (do) a test .
It started four hours ago . They .... (do) it for four hours .
2) Hello , Pete , I ....(see) you for ages . – I was on holiday . I ... (come back) last night .- .... you ....(have) your holiday this year yet , Mary ? - Not yet . I am taking it at the end of July . Where are you going ? I think of going to the Crimea . But you .... (be) there twice .
3) Peter and Mary walked on to the station half an hour ago . They ....(wait) for a train They ....(wait) for half an hour.
4) - Where ... (go) ? – Oh , hello , Pete . We`re off to the theatre .- ...(go) to the theatre
often ? - Yes , we usually .... (go) there every week . What about you ? – Well , I do
not often find time , I`m afraid . – Bye . –Bye . Have a good time .
5) How long .... you ... ( learn) English ? What ... you (do) now ? I .... (write) a test .
I ... (write) a test for ten minutes .Where is Tom ? I ....(not see) him today . Where
is Tom ? I ..... (not see) him at school yesterday . I ... (be) to Leningrad several times. I ... (be) in Leningrad twice last year .
7) Dear Boris ,
I (receive) your letter about a month ago , but I couldn`t find time to answer it .
I (be) very busy lately . Three days ago I (fail) in History , as I (miss) many lectures and (not attend) seminars . In general I (not to work) hard . Right now it is 6 p.m. and I (sit) at my desk . I (sit) here for five hours doing my work . I (decide) to have a few hour`s rest , so I (write) you . Please write soon . Sincerely yours , Pete .
Ex. 92 Choose the right answer .
1) I .... school 2 years ago . a) left b) have left c) had left
2) What article .... you now ? a) translate b) have been translating c) are translating
3) Yesterday at 5 o `clock I .... an article . a) translated b) will translate c) was translating
4) How many articles ..... you this year . a) have translated b) translated c) had translated
5) He ..... articles very well. a) is translating b) translates c) translated
6)Tomorrow at 7 o`clock I ..... an article .a) shall translate b) shall have translated c) shall be
translating
7) I .... this article since Monday. a) translate b) have been translating c) am translating
8) I ... this article soon . a) shall translate b) shall be translating c) was translating
9) Yesterday I .... this article . a) translated b) was translating
10) I .... this article before you came . a) had translted b) was translating c) translated
11) I ..... this article for an hour already when you came .a) had been translating b) was translating c) had translated