No. 10
1. This law is stated to be discovered by Lomonosov.
2. The results to be received may vary considerably.
3. We thought him to have taken part in their experiment.
4. To launch rockets a new type of fuel was needed.
5. To use atomic energy for peaceful purposes is the task of our scientists.
No. 11
1. He is said to have been here.
2. To know the quantity of energy present in a body is very important.
3. The teacher does not consider him to be a good student.
4. The internal combustion engine to be used in this lorry is of a new
design.
5. To drive a car in a big city is very difficult.
No. 12
1. The results to be received may vary considerably.
2. The engineers had several problems to be solved.
3. The substance is said to have been decomposed.
4. To study applied mechanics one should know mathematics.
5. The atom is a mighty force that is to be of great assistance to man.
No. 13
1. This scientist is known to have been working at this problem for
several years.
2. The laws of motion to be analyzed in this text are known to have been formulated by Newton.
3. To maintain quality is a function of the foreman.
4. The operator wanted his lathe to be repaired as soon as possible.
5. There were many questions to be answered in this field of science.
No. 14
1. The foreman is the one who teaches or instructs how the work is to be done.
2. The design of a mechanism depends on the work to be done.
3. We had to change the percentage to overcome the difficulties.
4. The aim of our work was to develop a new method of cutting metals.
5. The members of the committee are reported to come to an
agreement.
No. 15
1. The lecture was said to be very interesting.
2. We know the cybernetics to be important branch of modern technology.
3. This method is not good enough to be used everywhere.
4. The valuable information to be collected by sputniks will help to
improve previous results.
5. The English delegation is believed to come at the end of the month.
Раздел 5 КОНТРОЛЬНЫЕ ЗАДАНИЯ
Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на форму и функцию инфинитива.
5.1 For mechanical faculty students
No.1
1. The capacity of the new engine is reported to have been increased.
2. To prevent corrosion metal must be covered with paint.
3. To develop high-temperature alloys was of paramout importance.
4. A new method of cutting metals to be developed will solve the problem of machining.
5. The aim of the plant was to develop a new method of cutting metals.
No.2
1. Tshernov was proud to have found the best temperatures for the hot working of steel.
2. They were to develop a new method of cutting metals.
3. The engineers of that plant are said to have constructed a new device.
4. The only way to produce a pure metal is to eliminate from it all chemical elements but one.
5. To obtain the desired properties of a metal metallurgists alloy it with small amounts of other metals.
No.3
1. To develop a new method of cutting metals we had to carry out several experiments.
2. The motor is said to have been working for 24 hours without disen-
gaging the lathe.
3. If this system is to serve as a voltmeter, a resistor has to be added in series.
4. We know an alternating current to be continuously changing.
5. The metal to be used in our experiment is to be hard.
No.4
1. The engineer is to design a new high-speed device.
2. These forging machines are known to have performed several operations.
3. This means that a casting to be made in a metal mould must be comparatively short.
4. To understand alternating currents, we must consider two properties of an electric circuit , namely resistance and self-inductance.
5. The new device enables the lathe to be used for a greater range of work.
No.5
1. Upon examination these bars can be found to contain 0.70 per cent of carbon.
2. We have seen the electric current produce a magnetic field.
3. One of the difficulties to be overcome in obtaining this alloy is to reach the highest possible temperature in the shortest period of time.
4. To increase the productivity of the machine-tool one should know the characteristics of the material which is being machined.
5. To refine the structure of the metal is one of the primary reasons for hot mechanical working of steel.
No.6
1. To develop a new method of cutting metals was necessary.
2. The spindle is found to be rotating at 3000 r.p.m.
3. The operations necessary to complete a workpiece will determine the number of tools to be used in the turret.
4. Special handling devices allow the vertical rolls of this mill to be changed in a minimum of time.
5. To overcome this trouble various treatments of the molten metal have been suggested and used for degasification.
No.7
1. In cylindrical grinding the work is known to be held between centers.
2. To serve special uses modern metals and alloys must be more corrosion resistant.
3. The new device enables the machine to be used for a greater range of work.
4. A piece of steel to be hardened may be heated until it becomes nonmagnetic.
5. To discover the stresses occuring requires careful figuring.
No.8
1. To reinforce the metal engineers use artificial fibres.
2. Two gears with external teeth are said to be in external contact when they are in mesh.
3. If we turn to the common metals , we find them to be distinguished by a characteristic lustre called «metallic lustre».
4. To obtain a product of the desired size , it may be necessary to resort to annealing after the metal has passed through the mill several times.
5. The piece to be forged rests on the anvil block.
No.9
1. To get the desirable characteristics in metals or to improve them the art to mix metals began to develop.
2. Our plant produces automatic and semiautomatic machine-tools to be installed in new large shops.
3. The aim was to develop a new method of cutting metals.
4. The new engine proved to be quite satisfactory for variable load conditions.
5. Rolling is considered to be one of the most economic methods of forming metals.
No.10
1. The cutting speed depends on the material to be machined.
2. To detect and measure the irregularities of the finer surfaces requires the use of high magnification with very light operating forces.
3. The object of the piston ring is to hold the compressed and exploded gases above the piston.
4. The following pure metals are known to exist in 2 different polymorfic forms which are stable over different ranges of temperature: iron, nickel, cobalt.
5. Hot rolling causes the grains to be elongated into fibres in the same direction as the most of metal is worked.
No.11
1. The use of roller bearings on these mills allows heavier pressures to be used.
2. To overcome this trouble various treatments of the molten metal have been suggested and used for degasification.
3. These machines are extremely rapid in operation and enable important savings in cost to be obtained.
4. Some alloying elements are known to cause steel to resist corrosion and such steels are called stainless steels.
5. The piece to be machined is held on the work table which may be adjusted to any convenient height for the job.
No.12
1. Drill presses are build in a variety of types, but the ordinary upright drill press is to be found in nearly every machine shop.
2. It is evident that the weight moves with increasing velocity and careful measurements show the rate of increase to be constant.
3. When new alloys prove to be difficult to machine, a normal tendency is to reduce feed or speed.
4. To harden a piece of steel properly it must be in a softened and annealed state.
5. To know the quantity of energy present in a body is very important.
5.2 For information technologies and management automation faculty students
No.1
1. To do the program the programmer must have a good understanding of the problem for the computer .
2. To do the program for a computer is the main duty of a programmer.
3. The programmer must do the program to give accurate instructions to the computer.
4. The output of a computer is known to vary according to the capacity of the auxitiary equipment receiving the information.
5. One of the best ways to know the problem is to examine it from different points of view.
No.2
1. Electric typewriters are very slow and are used only by operators to communicate with a computer.
2. To make possible communication from a human being and a computer is the main purpose of the input unit.
3. The experiments to be carried out will be very important.
4. A buffer is known to be a storage device.
5. To decrease prices you should reduce the cost of the product.
No.3
1. The information to be computed is stored usually in registers- unit of hardware.
2. The machine to operate with the keys is named an ordinary adding machine.
3. The input and output units are known to be the part of a computer.
4. The aim of macroeconomics is to study the economy in general.
5. England was the first country in the world to experience industrialization.
No.4
1. The human being seems not to be able to add or to multiply without using auxiliary devices such as pencil and paper.
2. A sequence of reasonable operations to be performed will be done by this computer.
3. Devices for accepting information are said to have been described in some magazines.
4. Paper money or «bank-notes» are easier to handle and much more convenient in the modern world.
5. In an interlinked global economy, consumers are given the opportunity to buy the best products at the best prices.
No.5
1. The programmer to do the program for a computer must have a good knowledge of mathematics.
2. Automatic Management Systems are known to have appeared quite recently.
3. To ensure that the Board has knowledge of the company’s operations there must be executive directors.
4. To understand the difference between the following circuit connections is not difficult at all.
5. The use of borrowed money to make more money is called leverage.
No.6
1. The computer’s memory stores the numbers to be operated on.
2. B. Pascal is known to be the first inventor of the mechanical computer.
3. For results to be obtained an instruction has been put into a computer.
4. The purpose of the electrical source is to produce the necessary electromotive force.
5. Member banks have a right to obtain funds by borrowing from their district reserve banks, to use various services which the system provides, to obtain financial advice and assistance and to receive a divident on stock that the district bank owns.
No.7
1. All program instruction to be executed must be held within the CPU.
2. It is convenient to consider the central processor to have three separate hardware sections.
3. It is quite necessary for the programmer to understand the work of all units of a computer.
4. A great number of computing centres are known to have been established all over the country.
5. To start the business of proprietorship it is necessary to obtain licenses required by the law.
No.8
1. We know B. Pascal to be the first inventor of the mechanical computer.
2. The microcomputers were the first computers to use a single microprocessor chip as the processor.
3. BASIC is considered to be one of the easiest programming languages to learn.
4. There are many complicated problems to be solved in science and industry with the help of new computers.
5. Corporation has the right to conduct business as if it were one person.
No.9
1. The electric bell circuit is considered to be a typical example of a series circuit.
2. Then all the current to be sent will pass through the fuse.
3. Voltmeter is used to measure the value of voltage in the circuit.
4. The competition that results from deregulation is urging the banks to offer more and better services to their customers.
5. The third function of money is to serve as a store of wealth.
No.10
1. Wholesalers are known to reduce the number of contacts between producers and customers.
2. Corporation has the right to conduct business as if it were one person.
3. Government stabilization policies must balance the need to encourage economic growth against the requirement to keep inflation under control.
4. Voltmeter is used to measure the value of voltage in the circuit.
5. We hope you will be able to meet our request.
No.11
1. Traditionally, the computer in business is used to process data.
2. Computers that are faster, easier to use and more responsive to the particular needs of their users have long been the promise of the field of artificial intelligence.
3. To do this, it has to interpret the «meaning» of a wide range of formatting codes.
4. We would like to assure you that the valves will be packed with extra care.
5. They think it reasonable to deliver 20 valves under the Contract.
No.12
1. He wants us to help him with the Contract.
2. It is difficult to learn to speak a foreign language for one month.
3. As a rule I have a lot of work to do at the office.
4. We would like to state that in accordance with the provisions of the Contract your inspectors do not have the right to reject equipment.
5. In order to finalize the matter we would like to invite you to visit at our plant.
No.13
1. If we have got many things to do, we stay here until everything is done.
2. We wish to assure you that this kind of packing will be provided with proper protection.
3. The computer is told what operation to perform by means of instructions.
4. People and societies organize economic life to deal with the basic problems through economic systems.
5. They are said to have been working at special features in the computers to satisfy market demands for a year.
No.14
1. The article to be discussed was published some days ago.
2. Command economies rely almost totally on government to make economic decisions through centralized authorities.
3. A firm offer is a promise to supply goods on the terms stated.
4. They are expected to be sent abroad to be trained as operators and programmers.
5. To satisfy market demands they have had to develop special features in their computers.
No.15
1. Money is important to the operation of the economy at two levels.
2. The owner of the firm does not like to be deprived of his rights.
3. The piezoelectric effect is known to be first discovered by the Curie brothers in 1880.
4. The sensitivity of the linear transducer is the ratio of output electric signal to input audio-signal.
5. Command economies rely almost totally on governments to make economic decisions through centralized authorities.
5.3 Chemical technology and machine-building faculty
No. 1
1. The natural tendency of heat to flow from a higher to a lower tempera-ture makes it possible for a heat to transform heat into work.
2. In that experiment the steam pipes are known to have been covered to reduce heat losses.
3. As to chemical properties of metals the first point to be mentioned is that they vary widely in degree of chemical activity.
4. The function of a boiler is to transfer heat to the water in the most efficient manner.