2. t+s/s+t
Sweet singing, that seemed, that side, standing stones, casting, against, east side, white sea, mist, stronger, streamed.
3. plosive + 1
Clean, clear, glimpse, circle, explain, gleaming, quickly, stood listening, it leaned, clime, people, unexpectedly.
○ Exercise 3
Pronounce after the announcer and say what phonetic phenomenon the following word groups have in common:
1. Down the hill, upon them, on their foreheads, when they reached, in the hills, in the weather, on the ground, on the grass, then they lay, in the sun.
2. And the sun, round the green, found that, amid the strands, cold though lit, rubbed their eyes, and then, and the day.
3. Breakfast they made, that they, about them, reached the bottom, against the stars, thought there were, that the darkness, against the light, thought that, let the warm sunlight.
○ Exercise 4
Explain how the sound [f] affects preceding or following consonants.
1. Frodo, fresh, from, frantically, froze, friendly;
2. Hurried forward, that faint stars, and fog.
○ Exercise 5
Group the phrases below according to the varieties of false assimilation which may occur in them.
Breeze seemed, as they journeyed, was steaming up, was cold, was silent, as they looked, was closing, as their chilled fingers, was so cold, as he struggled, was suddenly aware, was smoking, with surprise, was slowly giving way.
○ Exercise 6
Transcribe and intone the sentences. Comment upon the intonation pattern in imperative, exclamatory sentences and sentences with direct address.
‘\Sam!P he "called. ||
‘\Pippin! \Merry! 'Come a\long!P ||
‘I am \waiting for "you!P ||
‘\Cоmе, "friend "Frodo!’"said "Tom. ||
But 'Tom 'shook his 'head "saying: 'Be \glad, my "merry "friends,
and 'let the 'warm 'sunlight heat now 'heart and \limb! || 'Cast
'off these 'cold \rags! || 'Run \naked on the "grass!' ||
EXERCISES
Exercise 1
Match the following definitions in the left column with the words in the right column. Find sentences with these words in the text.
Verbs:
1. shine with interrupted brightnessA. melt
1. appear indistinctlyB. slant
2. change to liquid condition by heatC. bedew
3. move upwardsD. gleam
4. cover or sprinkle with dew or waterE. mount
5. be or feel very coldF. loom
6. diverge from a vertical or horizontal lineG. freeze
Nouns:
1. gentle windA. shadow
1. climateB. breeze
2. round portion of liquid such as hangs or C. cloud
falls separately
3. grave-mound D. shred
4. patch of shade, region not reached by sun E. barrow
5. visible water vapour floating in air high F. clime
above the ground
6. torn or broken pieceG.drop
Adjectives:
1. biting, harsh; piercingly cold A. damp
1. of fairly low temperature, fairly cold B.icy
2. slightly or fairly wet C. chill
3. unpleasantly cold to feel D. bitter
4. covered with ice, very cold E. lank
5. indinstinct in form; of, or covered with, F.cool mist
6. straight and limp G. misty
Exercise 2
Consult your dictionary and give all possible derivatives from the following words.
sun mist air
fog wind light
rain dark warm
Exercise 3
Find in the text one or more synonyms to the following words.
to smoke a shred to sink cool
to rise cold to journey to cast
Exercise 4
Pick out from the text:
1) all verbs used with the nouns: sun, shadow, fog, rain;
2) all adjectives used with the nouns: fog, wind, morning, air, light, mist.
Exercise 5
Explain the difference between the synonyms or analogous words from the text.
to chill — to freeze
breeze — wind
to smoke — to steam up
shreds — tatters — strands
veil — haze — mist — fog
cool — chill — cold — icy — bitter
Exercise 6
Find the English equivalents to the following words or phrases.
A.
Пелена дождя, потянул свежий ветерок, было далеко видно, по низу лощины, солнце поднялось, стало жарко, после дождя поднимались испарения, отбрасывать тень, солнечные лучи пробивались сквозь дымку, заходящее солнце, туман подкатывал, закоченевшие пальцы, волосы обвисли, покрылись каплями, погода менялась, появились звезды, темнота рассеивалась, забрезжил зеленоватый свет, ворвался поток света, вставало красное солнце, нежиться на солнце.
В.
Звучать в сознании, попрощаться, с тяжёлым сердцем, прислониться спиной, плотно пообедать, вскочить на ноги, в ужасе, остановиться, сесть на пони, поспевать, склониться над кем-либо, издалека, выбраться, протереть глаза, сбросить лохмотья, нежиться на солнце.
Exercise 7
I. Give the first form of the following irregular verbs in the past tense.
rode, stood, wound, grew, caught, lay, set, woke, meant, sprang, sank, bent, felt, hung, froze, began, fell, lost.
II. Give the past form of the following regular verbs.
melt, wash, veil, mount, seem, crown, turn, roll, chill, halt, guess, rear, hurry, struggle, stream, waft.
Exercise 8
Write out into your notebook all expressions used to describe good or bad weather in the text.
| Good weather | Bad weather |
Exercise 9
Fill in the gaps in the sentences with one of the expressions from the list. Change their form if necessary.
To run in one's mind, to give way, to catch a glimpse, in single file, to get separated, to come from some remote dis tance, to come to oneself, to be heavy of heart, to be crowned with, to grow less, to spring to one's feet, to be lost, to call back over one's shoulder, to freeze one's bones, to rub one's eyes.
1. The rain ceased and the wind ... ; soon everything had become quiet in nature.
2. Though we were sitting, we all ... when he appeared in the room: our astonishment was so great. No one could expect it.
3. To manage everything we decided ... and meet again later; thus each one could carry out his task better.
4. Having wandered for an hour along the narrow streets, I realised at last that I....
5. The top of the mountain was ... a snowcap although there were green woods in blossom at the foot.
6. The tourists were slowly walking ... . It was a lot easier to walk like this across the marshy ground.
7. The voices of our friends ..., we did not understand how far away they were.
8. I had to leave Paris soon. I ... because it meant the end of my careless and happy life in the city which I started to love so much.
9. For a whole day Ronald could not get rid of a simple melody which he heard on the radio in the morning: it was constantly ....
10. The operation was over and the patient was ... . At first he could not understand where he was.
11. Whithout turning around, he ... , but nobody answered. In surprise he turned his head and saw nobody.
12. Deadly fear ... . I could not move, I could not even stir a finger.
13. Though we passed the open door very quickly, I managed ... of the people who gathered in the director's office.
14. The medicine did a world of good: the disease started ... , which was almost a miracle.
15. The sight in front of me was so unbelievable, that I felt an impulse ... , but kept back, remembering that I was not a child.
Exercise 10
Find in the text sentences starting with the following words and express the same idea using different wording and grammar.
1. The vision melted into waking ...
2. It was now as clear and far-seen ...
3. Their way wound along ...
4. A shadow now lay round the edge of sight...
5. In the midst of it there stood a single stone ...
6. However, that may be ...
7. To prevent their getting separated ...
8. On either side ahead a darkness ...
9. As he straggled on he called again ...
10. He was suddenly aware that it was getting very cold ...
11. He thought there were two eyes ...
12. As he lay there, thinking and getting a hold on himself ...
13. To Frodo's great joy the hobbits stirred ...
14. Then they lay basking in the sun ...
Exercise 11
Retell the story of the hobbits' journey:
1. in the third person;
2. in the person of Frodo;
3. in the person of Tom.
Exercise 12
Discussion points.
1. What can you say about the hobbits' journey: was it difficult or pleasant, interesting or boring?
2. Can you say that the weather is one more character in the story? Prove your point.
3. Does the weather help the hobbits somehow or does it interfere somehow?
4. Do you think that the author tries to draw a parallel "nature — weather" in the story? Prove your point.
Exercise 13
I. Translate into Russian the following bits from the same book by J. R. R.
Tolkien.
1. They had been two days in this country when the weather turned wet. The wind began to blow steadily out of the West and pour the water of the distant seas (...) in fine drenching rain. By nightfall they were all soaked.
2. But before long the snow was falling fast, filling all the air, and swirling into Frodo's eyes.
While they were halted, the wind died down, and the snow slackened until it almost ceased. (...) But they had not gone more than a furlong when the storm returned with fresh fury. The wind whistled and the snow became a blinding blizzard.
3. Nothing happened that night worse than a brief drizzle of rain an hour before dawn. (...) Already the fog was thinning. (...) In the mid-morning the clouds drew down lower, and it began to rain heavily.
4. The sky was utterly dark, and the stillness of the heavy air foreboded the storm. Suddenly the clouds were seared by a blinding flash. Branched lighting smote dawn upon the eastward hills.
5. The thunder was rumbling in the distance now. The lightning flickered still, far off among the mountains in the South. A keen wind was blowing from the North again. The clouds were torn and drifting, and stars peeped out.
6. The hurrying darkness, now gathering speed, rushed up from the East and swallowed the sky. There was a dry splitting crack of thunder right overhead. Searing lightning smote down into the hills. Then came a blast of savage wind.
7. There was another crack of thunder, and then the rain came. In a blinding sheet, mingled with hail, it drove against the cliff, bitter cold.
II. Using some of the underlined words or expressions describe a rainstorm or a snowstorm you were caught in once.
Exercise 14
Study the Topical Vocabulaiy and add other analogous words to the following lists. Explain the difference in their meanings.
rainfall snowfall wind
rain snowstorm whirlwind
Exercise 15
Match the nouns with adjectives to make common phrases.
► Pattern: heavy rain, heavy snow, etc.
Nouns:rain
wind
fog
snow
sky
air
Adjectives:heavybitter
bitingchilly
strongcloudy
freshbrisk
thickdrizzling
thinhot
coldpiercing
brightsoutherly
clearswirling
chillmisty
cleandrenching
Exercise 16
Add the missing forms.
1. north ...?... northerly
south southern ...?...
east ...?... ...?...
west ...?... ...?...
2. north-east...?...north-easterly
north-westnorth-western...?...
south-east...?......?...
south-west...?......?...
Exercise 17
Choose the right word from a couple of similar looking ones. Change word forms if necessary.
1. (slush, sleet)
a) The ... under my feet was awful. I had an impression that I was walking through a muddy sea.
b) The rain changed into .... Wet snowflakes were falling on the ground and melted there.
2. (ice drift, snowdrift)
a) The path was hedged by two long .... They were like two mountain ranges.
b) The ... started at night. In the morning the children ran to the river to look at the huge blocks of ice drifting across the water.
3. (icing, icicle)
a) There was heavy... on the road and all cars were moving very slowly.
b) After a thaw there appeared ... on the edge of the roof; they looked like sparkling needles.
4. (frost, hoarfrost)
a) Tree branches were covered with ... and the forest looked enchanting and somewhat mysterious.
b) The ... was biting the nose and the cheeks. It was impossible to stay long in the street.
5. (draught, drought)
a) Severe ... killed the crops. Not a drop of rain fell on the ground for a month.
b) When the door opened, the ... blew off the papers down on to the floor.
6. (to freeze, to be freezing)
a) In winter all rivers and lakes in these parts always ....
b) The temperature was quite low and I felt that I ....
7. (blizzard, drizzle)
a) Boring ... spoiled the day. It was too wet and dull.
b) The ... was blinding us. Snowflakes were swirling in the air.
8. (light, lightning)
a) There is not enough ... in the room. The table should be moved closer to the window.
b) The ... split the sky into two parts. A deafening thunder crack followed.
Exercise 18
I. Below you see examples of several weather forecasts from English newspapers. Read and translate them.
I. General situation: Many eastern coastal areas of England will; stay cloudy and cool, with patchy light drizzle during the morning. Western parts of Wales and south-west England will be cloudy with showery outbreaks of rain, although western Wales will brighten up during the afternoon. The rest of England and Wales will stay warm and dry with hazy sunshine, although there will be a brisk easterly breeze. Showery rain over Northern Ireland will clear during the afternoon. Scotland will be dry with sunny periods, but eastern coasts will be cloudy and western areas may have rain during the morning.
"The Independent"
II. Cloud and outbreaks of rain over England and Wales will clear during the morning. The afternoon will be mostly dry with bright or sunny spells, although wintry showers will develop at times in the north and north-west.
Scotland and Nothern Ireland will have another cold day with sunshine and blustery showers expected. The
showers will be heavy in places and falling as snow over the high ground.
Outlook: Bright with wintry showers at times, especially in the north. Rain spreading eastwards on Monday.
"Daily Express"
III. Forecast: A dry, sunny start over England and Wales, but there may be light showers adjacent to the southern North Sea. Western Scotland and Nothern Ireland will become cloudy during the morning with outbreaks of rain moving to these areas by midday. This weather will spread south-eastwards to all parts of Scotland, north-west England and north Wales by the evening. Temperatures: 8 C° (46 F°) in East Anglia, 10 C° (50 F°) in Nothern Ireland.
Outlook: Little change in southern and eastern parts of England during Tuesday and Wednesday. There will be cool nights with frost and possibly patchy fog, but diy with sunny spells during daylight hours. Early cloud and rain in north-western districts will gradually die out during Tuesday.
"The Independent"
IV. Weather: England and Wales will start cloudy with outbreaks of rain. However, brighter, showery weather already over Scotland and Nothern Ireland will slowly spread south and east throughout the day. The showers will be heaviest and most frequent in the north, falling as sleet or snow over hills and mountains, with drifting occurring in places. It will feel cold in the blustery and strong westerly wind.
Outlook: Sunny intervals and showers are expected. Feeling colder than of late in the north-westerly wind.