Английский язык для студентов университетов. Чтение, письменная и устная практика (стр. 7 из 42)
Exercise 27
I. Match the idioms in the left column with their Russian equivalents in the right column.
1. to build one's castle upon the sand А. выступать (перед аудиторией)
2. to build castles in the air В. указать кому-либо надверь
3. room at the top С. припереть кого-либо к стенке
4. to do something under the table D. создавать что-либо непрочное
5. to be in the chair Е. ковёр-самолёт
6. to take the floorF. захлопнуть дверь перед носом
7. a window on the world G. председательствовать
8. to camp on somebody's doorstep Н. верхняя ступенька социальной лестницы
9. to shut the door in somebody's face I. ломиться в открытую дверь
10. to show somebody the door J. строить воздушные замки
11. to force an open door К. окно в мир
12. to call somebody on the carpet L. у стен есть уши
13. a magic carpet M. дать кому-либо нагоняй
14. walls have ears N. делать что-либо секретно
15. to drive somebody to the О. обивать пороги wall
II. Think of the situations where you can use these idioms.
Exercise 28
Highlight the meanings of the proverbs, making up short situations. Tell them in class.
1. People who live in glass houses should not throw stones.
2. Do not burn your house to get rid of the mice.
3. As you make your bed, so you must lie on it.
4. A rolling stone gathers no moss.
5. Charity begins at home.
6. Home is where the heart is.
7. East or West — home is best.
Exercise 29
Translate the following quotations and comment upon them.
'A man travels the world over in search of what he needs and returns home to find it.'
George Moore
'A house is not a home.'
Polly Adler
'Houses are built to live in and not to look on; therefore let use be preferred before uniformity, except where both may be had. '
Francis Bacon
'Mid pleasures and palaces though we may roam, Be it ever so humble, there's no place like home.'
John Howard Payne
Exercise 30
Role-play "Buying a House"
Setting: A real estate agency in London.
Situation: Different people come to the office and have a talk with real estate managers. All of them want to move somewhere: to sell or to buy houses or flats. The managers offer them different housing variants.
Characters:
Card I—II — Mr Sinless and Mrs' Pure, the real estate managers.
Card III-IV - Mr and Mrs Woolworth. Their family of three wants to move to the countryside from the centre of London.
Card V—VI — Mr and Mrs Littlewood, a retired couple who want to move from a huge house to a smaller one.
Card VII—VIII — Mr and Mrs Sunwin, a young couple who before anything else want to buy a house of their own.
Card IX—X — Mr and Mrs Hewlett. Their family of seven wants to move to a bigger house in the suburbs.
WRITING
Exercise 1
Prepare to write a dictation. Learn the spelling of the italicized words from Introductory Reading and the words from exercise 1 on page 41.
Exercise 2
Render this text in English and write it down.
В маленьких квадратных комнатах с низкими потолками Лиза бродила минут десять.
Это были комнаты, обставленные красным деревом и карельской березой — мебелью строгой, чудесной. Два квадратных шкафа стояли против письменного стола. Стол был безбрежен. По углам стояли кресла с высокими спинками. Солнце лежало на персиковой обивке кресел.
По левую руку от самого пола шли низенькие полукруглые окна. Сквозь них, под ногами, Лиза увидела огромный белый зал с колоннами. В зале тоже стояла мебель. Лиза остановилась. Никогда еще она не видела зала у себя под ногами.
Она попала в красную гостиную, в которой стояло предметов сорок. Это была ореховая мебель. Из гостиной не было выхода. Пришлось бежать назад через круглую комнату с верхним светом, меблированную, казалось, только цветочными подушками.
Невольно она приспосабливала виденную мебель к своей комнате и потребностям. Кровать ей совсем не понравилась. Кровать была слишком велика.
Мебель была представлена многочисленными комплектами. Сравнительно небольшие ее размеры привели Лизу в восторг.
— Смотрите, смотрите! — доверчиво кричала она.
— Видите это бюро? Оно чудно подошло бы к нашей комнате. Правда?
— Прелестная мебель! — гневно сказал Остап.
— А здесь я уже была,— сказала Лиза, входя в красную гостиную.
Большая комната была перегружена мебелью. Стулья расположились вдоль стены и вокруг стола. Диван в углу тоже окружали стулья. Их ножки и удобные спинки были знакомы Ипполиту Матвеевичу.
(И. Ильф, Е. Петров «Двенадцать стульев»)
Exercise 3
Write a composition or an essay on one of the topics:
1. My Dream House.
2. Home Sweet Home.
3. One's Character Shows in His or Her Home.
4. Why There Is Always a Mess in My Room.
5. I Like to Stay at My Grandma's Place.
Note:
Composition and essay are both translated into Russian as "сочинение" but there is a distinction between them. A composition is fairly short (1—3 pages) and simple. Compositions may be written by students as long as they are capable of writing only on simple narrative or descriptive subjects.
An essay is usually longer (may be up to 20 pages). It expresses ideas, as opposed to simply telling a story or describing something, though it may also be narrative or descriptive. An essay should have some literary merit. Essays are usually written by those who have sufficiently mastered the language to be able to express their ideas in it.
If you choose a topic for an essay, plan carefully before you write. First of all try to explain what the statement means to you. A simple explanation in your own words will help to clarify the issue in your mind. The best approach to plan an essay is to make a list of points, in note form, which you want to include.
There should be an introduction. Plan an opening paragraph that will express your approach. It may be a clear statement of your understanding the point; some illustration of the point or even an expression of disagreement. Whichever you choose, the opening paragraph should lead logically into the body of the essay.
Plan the ideas for the succeeding paragraphs. Do not forgetthat each paragraph develops the idea one step farther. Pay special attention to the logical linking of clauses and sentences.
All points are put in logical order or in order of importance, with quotations if necessary.
Plan a conclusion which brings together the ideas of the essay and represents some kind of resolution of the conflicting arguments.
INTRODUCTORY READING AND TALK
I'm in the first year at the university, where I'm studying English. My elder sister, Betty, is studying history at the same university. Betty can organise her time wisely, whereas I do not know what order I should do things in. I find it hard to get up on time, and usually I do not get enough sleep. I have to wind two alarm-clocks to make sure I do not oversleep.
My sister, an early riser, is awake by 7 o'clock, refreshed and full of energy. While I'm wandering round the kitchen, fighting the urge to go back to bed, Уравнения химических реакций my sister manages to have a quick shower, make her bed, put on make up, do her hair, eat a full breakfast and set off to the university. It takes me an hour and a half to get ready. I have a hasty bite and rush out of the house. Even if I catch a bus at once I still arrive at the university 15 minutes late, which always makes me feel guilty.
My studies keep me busy all day long. I have 14 hours of English a week. I also have lectures and seminars. At lunchtime I meet up with my sister and we have a snack at the university cafe. After classes I make myself go to the library where I spend about six hours a week reading for my seminars.
My sister and I come home tired. I always find excuses to put my homework off. Unlike me, my sister manages to do the housework and get down to homework. I like the idea of going to bed early, but quite often I have to sit up late, brushing up on my grammar and vocabulary, though I feel sleepy. My sister says that keeping late hours ruins one's health. Of course, I agree.
As my sister and I do not get any time off during the week, we try to relax on the weekends. One of my greatest pleasures is to lie in bed and read my favourite books. My sister is a sporty person. To keep herself fit, Betty goes for a run in the park; from time to time she works out in the gym.
I hate staying in, and sometimes on Saturday night my sister takes me out to a concert or a play. Sometimes we go to a party or to a disco. But more often than not I end up catching up on my studies and my sister goes out. I wonder how I manage to spoil my leisure time.
Every Monday when I awaken I think I should start a new life. I honestly think that I must become well-organised and correct my daily routine. I make plans to go to keep-fit classes, to do shopping with my sister, to do the cleaning and to do a hundred other good things. But then I remember that I have to call on my school friend in the evening, and I put off my plans till next Monday. It is always better to start a new life in a week.
1. What is your usual day like? Is it very different from this girl's day?
2. What takes up most of your day?
3. Look at the pictures below and say what can be said about you and what cannot.
► Pattern: She usually gets up at six. But I don't. I get up at seven. She usually has breakfast at eight. So do I. I have breakfast at eight.
seven o'clock
eight o'clock
nine o'clock
twelve o'clock
five o'clock
seven o'clock
ten o'clock
4. Is your daily routine alwaysthe same?
○ TEXT
One Day of Peter's life
(Story by Peter and Heidi Elliott)
I usually manage to be first at waking up — my brother Daniel (he's six) would stay in bed until seven o'clock. Mum can't understand it but it seems obvious to me that this is when the day starts, so why miss the beginning? After a quick warm-up and a chat we creep downstairs to see what's been left around from the night before, although Mum is wise to this and has usually put away anything really interesting.
The refrigerator is always a fairly good place to start, and cold rice pudding tastes much better for breakfast than it does for pudding.1 In fact I've tried most things at this hour, from cold stuffed marrow to raw sausages; some of it isn't recommendable and some of it can get you into a lot of trouble. Anyway, I can always make my own breakfast of cereals with plenty of sugar and not much milk. We made Mum's2 the other day but she didn't like the chopped peppercorns and Oxos3 that we added to it. Mind you, it didn't look too good.
Well, just when we get into a good game, Mum comes down and says that we have to put all the furniture back and get dressed. I always have the last say in what I'm going to wear, which is always jeans and a tee-shirt. I'm just not relaxed if I'm wearing smart trousers. I like a loose jacket and a hat; my old cowboy hat is a bit misshapen but I do not mind that, it seems to put me in the right mood for the day.
It's time to take Daniel to school. I really enjoy this trip at the moment because I've got a super little bike which I ride there and back. Well, I don't exactly ride it because both pedals have fallen off and the chain has snapped, so now it's more like a hobby-bike. I use my feet for brakes and propulsion.4 It works very well and my balance is now so good that I can ride my brother's big bike if someone helps me to get on and off.
When we get to Daniel's school I have a race around the playground and annoy a few of Dan's friends before the whistle goes, and then, as the trip home is up-hill and rather boring. Mum usually has to give me a push. I generally play then, or visit a friend down the lane whose brother has some super toys, which compensates for the fact that she's a girl.5
Lunch can vary from day to day because I'm quite fussy about my food. I find it hard to sit still long enough to eat a whole dinner, so sometimes Mum reads a book to me which makes it much more enjoyable, and if the story is very good, I've even been known to eat things that I didn't think I liked.
I suppose that the way I spend my day must seem fairly routine to some people, but I like to use it to the full no matter what I'm doing. I do everything with enthusiasm — whether constructing a rocket with bricks or practising gymnastics on the bed or just sliding down the banisters, and I've noticed that people who are older than me don't seem to have half as much fun, so I say that I'm going to enjoy myself for as long as possible.
The afternoons are unpredictable. On a fine day I may go swimming or visit a park or the shops. Personally, I think the shops are best, especially the ones with toys in. My mother just doesn't seem to understand that I need them all, anyway I have a good try with as many as I can before getting into trouble with the assistant. Then I move on to the sweets, which I generally get one of. Friends' houses can be a good source of entertainment, although if they haven't got any children it can be a bit frustrating not being allowed to touch anything. Luckily most of mother's friends have got children.
The best treat of all, though, is visiting Nanny.6 She's got much more time to spend on you than parents have and I do all sorts of things there. I have made some very tasty cakes in Nanny's kitchen and she doesn't mind how much mess goes on the floor.7
I also enjoy gardening with her. She is extremely patient with my pruning efforts.8 So my afternoons vary until we collect my brother from school at 3.30. He's not so much fun in the afternoons, but I do a bit of insect searching on the way home and collect any interesting sticks and stones that I think I could use in our small garden.