(Advertising Leaflet)
MEALS AND COOKING
Text
Correct Eating Habits
"Eat to live. Do not live to eat" is an old saying the truth of which a person realises only when he or she suffers from some serious ailment like a heart condition and is advised by his or her physician to cut down on his or her food. All schools of medicine lay emphasis on correct eating habits for a healthy life.
Remember that after you have had a hearty meal, the pressure on your heart is increased. The amount of food should be such that the hunger is assuaged, but there is no feeling of fullness.
The second golden rule is to avoid fats and too much starch and carbohydrates derived from sugar. In communities where sugar intake is low, there is very little incidence of heart disease.
The third rule is that stimulants like spices (chillies etc.) should be avoided. A bland diet with a little salt and a pinch of pepper may not taste as good as highly spiced food would, but it would be safer in the long run.
Kids with high cholesterol need an exotic diet. Mostly, they should stick to the guidelines that apply to all adults. Officially, the American Heart Association recommends that kids get no more than 30 percent of their calories from fat. That means (1) Limiting fast-food runs to once or twice a week. Otherwise, push the salads and leave out the jumbo fries, high-fat sauces, and everything-but-the-kitchen-sink burgers; (2) Sticking to lower-fat pizza toppings like mushrooms, ground beef, veggies, and plain cheese; (3) Choosing peanut butter, lean meat or skinless chicken or turkey for lunchtime; put limits on high-fat items like hot dogs, luncheon meats, and deep-fried anything; (4) Serving more complex carbohydrates like fruits, vegetables, and whole-grain products. Kids may not always eat them, but at least they'll recognise them on sight.
Fortunately, lots of foods that kids like are also good for them. Most breakfast cereals are low in fat, for instance, as are pasta, lean meats, bread, tuna, skinless chicken, and fruit.
1. Discuss correct eating habits for grown-ups and children dwelling on:
1. the amount of food a person should eat;
2. the consumption of fats, starch and carbohydrates;
3. the use of stimulants;
4. going to fast-food places.
COLLEGE LIFE
Text 1
Classroom Notetaking
How would you feel if you were forced to spend hours and hours sitting in a hard-backed chair, eyes wide open, listening to the sound of someone else's voice? You wouldn't be allowed to sleep, eat, or smoke. You couldn't leave the room. To make matters worse, you'd be expected to remember every point the speaker made, and you'd be punished for foigetting. And, to top it off, you'd have to pay thousands of dollars for the experience.
Sounds like the torture scene from the latest spy thriller? Actually, it's nothing of the kind. It's what all college students do who take a full load of courses.
Unfortunately, many students do regard these hours as torture, and they do all sorts of things to deaden the pain. Some of them sit through class with glared eyes, minds wandering somewhere. Others hide in the back of the room, sneaking glances at the newspaper or the book. Still others reduce the pain to zero: they simply don't come to class. These students do not realize that they are missing out on one of the most important aspects of their education.
One reason you should take lecture notes is that lectures add to what you read in textbooks. Lecturers combine the material and approaches of many texts, saving you the trouble of researching an entire field. They keep up to date with their subjects and can include the latest studies or discoveries in their presentations. The best lecturers combine knowledge with expert showmanship. Both informative and entertaining speakers, they can make any subject leap wildly to life.
But isn't it good enough just to listen to these wonderful people without writing down what they say? Studies have shown that after two weeks you'll forget 80% of it. And you didn't come to the lecture room just to be entertained. You came to learn. The only way to keep the material in your head is to get it down in permanent form — in the form of lecture notes.
There are three steps to mastering the art of taking good lecture notes: the preparation, the note-taking process itself, and the post-lecture review.
Preparation.
First, mentally prepare yourself to take good notes. Examine your attitude. Remember, you're not going to the lecture room to be bored, tortured, or entertained; you're going there to learn. Also, examine the material the lecture will cover. Read the textbook chapter in advance.
Second, prepare yourself physically. Get a good night's sleep, and get to class — on time. Even better, get to class early, so you can get a good seat near the front of the room. You'll hear better there and be less tempted to let your mind wander. You'll also have time to open your notebook to a new page, find your pen, and write the date and topic of the lecture at the top. This way, you won't still be groping under your chair or flipping through pages when the lecturer begins to speak.
Process.
Be prepared to do a good deal of writing in class. A good role of thumb for taking notes is, "when in doubt, write it down". After class, you will have time to go over your notes and make decisions about what is important enough to study and what is not. But in the midst of a lecture, you don't always have time to decide what is really important and what is quite secondary. You don't want to miss getting down a valuable idea.
Be sure to always write down what the lecturer puts on the board. If he or she takes the time to write something on the board, it is generally safe to assume that such material is important. And don't fall into the trap that some students make. They write down what is on the board but nothing more. They just sit and listen while the instructor explains all the connections between those words that have been chalked on the board. Everything may be perfectly clear to a student then, but several days later, chances are that all the connecting materials will be forgotten. If you write down the explanations in class, it will be much easier for you to make sense of the material and to study it later.
Here are some other hints for taking good classroom notes:
If you miss something, don't panic. Leave space for it in your notes and keep going. Later, get the missing information from a classmate or your textbook
Don't ignore the very beginning and end of class, often lecturers devote the first five minutes of their lectures to a review of material already covered or a preview of the next day's lecture. The last five minutes of a lecture can contain a clear summary of the class. Don't spend the first five minutes of class getting your materials out and the last five minutes putting them away. If you do, you'll probably miss something important.
Post-Lecture Review.
The real learning takes place after class. As soon as you have time, sit down and reread your notes. Fill in anything unclear or missing while it's still fresh in your mind. Then write a few key words and phrases that summarise the points of the lecture.
Cover your notes, and, using only these key words, try to reconstruct as much of the lecture as you can. This review will cement the major points in your memory and will save significant time when you study for the exam.
To sum all this up, be prepared to go into class and be not just an active listener but an active notetaker as well. Being in class and taking good notes while you are there are the most valuable steps you can take to succeed in college.
Answer the questions.
1. What do you do during a classroom lecture?
2. Do you sit and stare at the lecturer, wondering if he or she will ever stop?
3. Do you try to write everything which is said, but can't keep up?
4. Why take lecture notes? Isn't it good enough just to listen to the lecturer without writing down what he or she says?
5. What are the three steps to mastering the art of taking good lecture notes? Discuss in class each step.
6. Could you think of some more hints for taking good classroom notes?
7. Have you got your own tips on how to make the best use of class time?
Text 2
Examination
Then, for months, there was nothing in life save work: a careful planning out of day and night in order that sleeping and eating and exercise might encroach as little as possible on the working hours.
From early morning till late at night the desperate meek untidy heads of girls were bowed over tables in the library, their faces when they lifted them were feverish and blurred with work.
Pages rustled; pencils whispered; squeaking shoes tiptoed in and out. Somebody tapped out a dreary tune on her teeth; somebody had a running cold; somebody giggled beneath her breath; somebody sighed and sighed.
Examination week.
This week there was nothing in your mind save the machine which obeyed you smoothly, turning but dates and biographies, contrasting, discussing, theorizing.
Judith walked in a dream among the pale examination faces that flowed to their doom. Already at nine o'clock the heat struck up from the streets, rolled downwards from the roofs. By midday it would by extremely unpleasant in Cambridge.
This was the great examination hall. Girls were filing in, each carrying a glass of water, and searching in a sort of panic for her place. Here was a white ticket labelled Earle, J. So Judith Earte really was expected, an integral part of this grotesque organized unreality. No hope now.
The bench was hard.
All over the room girls' heads turned, nodding and winking at friends, whispering, giggling and grimacing with desperate bravery. One simulated suicide by leaning her bosom on her fountain pen.
Then panic descended suddenly upon Judith. Her head was like a floating bubble; there was nothing in it at all. She caught at threads of knowledge and they broke, withered and dissolved like cobwebs in the hand. She struggled to throw off a crowding confusion of half remembered words.
A headful of useless scraps rattling about in emptiness — The clock struck nine.
'You can begin now', said a thin voice from the dais.
There was an enormous sigh, a rustling of paper, then silence.
The questions had, nearly all, at first glance a familiar reassuring look. It was all right. Panic vanished, the mind assembled its energies coolly, precisely, the pen flew.
After an hour the first pause to cool her forehead with a stick of frozen Eau de Cologne and to sip some water.
Girls were wriggling and biting their pens. Somewhere the toothtapper was playing her dreary tune.
Another hour fled. The trouble was having too much to say, rather than too little. The room was rigid, dark with concentration now.
Three hours. It was over. You could not remember what you had written; but you had never felt more firm and sure of mind. Three hours nearer to life.
A troop of undergraduates passed on the way from their examination room. They looked amused and exhilarated. They stuffed their papers into their pockets, lit pipes, straightened their shoulders and went cheerfully to lunch.
The girls crept out in twos and threes, earnestly talking, comparing the white slips they carried.
'Did you do this one?'
'What did you put for that?'
'Oh, I say! Will they take off marks do you think?'
'It was a beast.'
'Oh, it might have been worse.'
Girls really should be trained to be less obviously female students. It only needed a little discipline.
'Of course I see now I shan't pass — It seems a pity, after all that work — My memory is practically gone —'
Back to the vault now for another three hours.
That day passed smoothly; and the next.
Suddenly there were no answers to be written from nine till twelve, from two till five — no lectures, no coachings, no notes, no fixed working hours. Instead, a great idleness under whose burden you felt lost and oppressed. The academic years were gone for ever.
(Extract from "Dusty Answer" by R. Lehman)
CHARACTER AND APPEARANCE
Text
Improving Appearance
Most women all over the world are interested in improving their appearance. Here are some passages for those who care and wish to make the best of themselves — of their features, their skin and theirfigure.
What you have got to realise, however, is that true beauty is not just a matter of having a pretty face. It is much more.
Real beauty is the self-awareness that makes you. It is having sparkle, poise, serenity and confidence. It is having an awareness that makes everyone you come in contact with feel that you are a very special and attractive person. It is radiance that comes from good health.
Beauty is being able to make the best of yourself.
Putting it another way — there really are no plain people in this world. Undoubtedly some may have better features than others, but then, very very few of us can claim to come up to the current standards of plastic beauty.
Each one of us can, or is, at least, capable of improving oneself, and exuding the radiant glow of an attractive and confident person.
A careless attitude about yourself and an abuse of the body are quickly followed by fading and weakness, whereas careful nurturing will prolong the years of youthfulness, beauty and comfort.
Give proper care to your body, and you can be vitally alive as well as stay attractive all your life.
Remember, nothing you do is going to perform any magical change overnight. Any of the treatments you follow for body care has to be regularly repeated in order to give it a fair chance to work.
As health and beauty go hand in hand, check on the list of questions listed below to see if you qualify to be a member of the healthy group.
1. Do you have a good posture? There should be no sagging in the middle or drooping in the shoulders.;
2. Are your eyes clear?
3. Do you have a happy facial expression that is alive and lacks strain?
4. Are you fussy about your food? Do you eat well?
5. Do you sleep well?
6. Is the colour of your skin healthy?
7. Are your teeth in good condition?
8. Do you take a lively interest in living?
9. Finally — do you give the general impression of good health and vigour?
The answers to all the questions except the first part of question 4 should be an emphatic YES. However, if out of the ten "yes" answers you score right with seven to eight questions, you should be in fairly good health.
You need a full-length mirror so that you can look at yourself critically from the head to toe, keep a check on your figure and examine your posture.
Healthy eyes have a sparkle about them that is quite irresistible. Like your skin, fair and shining, clear eyes indicate good health. If you suffer ill-health or feel emotionally or physically low, your eyes become dull and strained-looking.
Sleep is very vital for clear healthy eyes. You need at an average at least eight hours of sleep in a day, without it, your eyes become dull, puffy and red. Dark circles also appear.
CHOOSING A HAIR STYLE.
The style that you choose for your hair should depend on the type of hair you have and on the shape of your face.
However fashions may fluctuate, there are certain rules that do not change. Keep these in mind before you choose the style.
Keep fine hair short and fluffy.
Hair that is medium or coarse takes most styles well.
Heavy or thick hair must not be kept very long, as it does not hang well.
Study the shape of the face by severely drawing back all your hair. Remember, the right hair style can make you look more attractive by drawing attention away from your physical flaws towards your more attractive features.
LONG FACE
Keep your hair fairly short — long hair tends to "pull down" your whole appearance. Go in for width at the temple — it helps to "broaden" your face. Fringes look good as they help to "shorten" the face.
HEART-SHAPED FACE
Softness at the temples and fullness just below ear level suits a heart-shaped face best. Avoid a centre parting because it tends to emphasise your pointed chin.