· The economic problems facing France are certain to have strong repercussions.
Cтоящие перед Францией экономические трудности наверняка будут иметь серьезные последствия.
Проанализируйте и переведите следующие предложения:
| 1. | The company is expected to obtain a full quotation for its shares on the London Stock Exchange tomorrow. |
| 2. | Discussions were expected to continue on the subject of growth, inflation and employment. |
| 3. | This was the situation with most of the British exhibitors, the majority of whom displayed expensive, sophisticated machinery of original design and an advanced technical standard for which actual orders are rarely expected to be placed on the spot. |
| 4. | In the first quarter output fell by about 1 per cent but this is thought to be only a temporary setback and further slow growth is expected for the rest of the year. |
| 5. | U.S. officials were said to consider that uncertainty was bound to continue unless some drastic measures were taken. |
| 6. | A whole range of economic factors are said to influence the resources. |
| 7. | Its overall profitability is said to be below Philips' international average. |
| 8. | Areas in which the UK engineering industry is especially strong are said to include power generation, oil projects, consultancy and project management. |
| 9. | In Zurich there was a scramble to buy marks and the Federal Bank in Bonn was believed to have bought up to 500 million dollars to prevent the mark going through its official "dollar ceiling". |
| 10. | The Department of Industry is believed to have offered Philips nearly $ 1 million last year to keep the plant open. |
| 11. | The Bank of England has been examining the applications and is believed to have considered whether the award of banking licences in London should be matched by concessions for British banks operating in Japan. |
| 12. | Ford is understood to be close to a decision to establish a car diesel engine manufacturing plant in Britain. |
| 13. | All the leading companies are understood to be anxious to begin banking operations in London. |
| 14. | Inflation is forecast to fall to 12 per cent by the end of the year. |
| 15. | It is noteworthy that the Federal and State Parliaments are considered to bear no responsibility in this matter, probably in part because these institutions are little involved in environmental and energy questions. |
| 16. | Benefits to the balance of payments are estimated to reach about $ 475 million per annum and the total investment generated will create about 11,500 jobs. |
| 17. | The first effect was that British engineering and construction industries laid off a considerable number of men because the business outlook appears to be of a no-growth nature and thus there was no incentive to invest to expand. |
| 18. | These increases in the inflow of orders after many months of poor demand appear to represent the turning point before the general recovery. |
| 19. | Thus the increase in exports appears to have flattened out. Shipments to both North America and Europe appear to have slowed down. |
| 20. | The long-established inverse link between the gold price and the value of the dollar appeared to have been finally severed. |
| 21. | Recently these plans seemed to have assumed a new reality and to have become more aggressive. |
| 22. | Whilst successful innovation does seem to lead to higher profits, it is far from clear that higher profits lead to more innovations. |
| 23. | Home demand seems likely to be flat through the year after the rise in the first quarter. |
| 24. | Even if the change had to be made slowly, the savings seem to be worth serious study. |
| 25. | By this Mr. Healey said he meant the relationship between employment and output, which most countries had come to regard as given, seemed to have gone wrong in a number of countries, including the UK, in the last year. |
| 26. | The sharp rises in U.S. and Euro-dollar interest rates during March and early April of this year seem to have perturbed the Fed. |
| 27. | Furthermore, this favourable balance is likely to increase as North Sea Oil increases production. |
| 28. | Nonetheless, one can at least identify some of the factors that are likely to influence the firm's activities in relation to industrial innovation. |
| 29. | The time is fast approaching, however, to seek a substantial bank loan and, as the oil boom is gaining momentum, the company is not likely to have any difficulty in securing it. |
| 30. | The Prime Minister made clear that he himself was opposed to any direct interference with the level of interest rates in the country as likely to be "inefficient, inequitable and unworkable". |
| 31. | The impact on sterling of this news is likely to be sustaining in the short term and depressing in the longer term. |
| 32. | Such a policy is most unlikely, of itself, to cure the unemployment situation. |
| 33. | The Bundesbank is unlikely to react to political pressure to ease its tight monetary policy in the run up to the election. |
| 34. | In these circumstances the Bundesbank is unlikely to reduce current interest rate levels in the immediate future. |
| 35. | Costs have reared up by so much that it is unlikely that any new small oil company could start up now in the North Sea. |
| 36. | Because of these difficulties the relative accuracy of the estimates is likely to have been reduced in recent years. |
| 37. | The report says that it appears that the building industry is unlikely to be reformed from within and that some form of compulsion will be necessary if reasonable standards of construction and finish are to be secured and jerry-building discouraged. |
1.Герундий в функции обстоятельства
1. В функции обстоятельства герундий всегда употребляется в сочетании с предлогом. Перевод предложений с герундием диктуется контекстом, но наиболее часто встречающиеся предлоги и варианты их перевода предлагаются ниже:
а) После предлогов on (upon); after герундий часто переводится деепричастием прошедшего времени или предлогом с существительным; после before и in - обычно придаточным предложением, деепричастием:
· After making the statement the Chancellor said that he was not going to reconsider his decision.
Сделав это заявление, министр финансов сказал, что он не намерен пересматривать свое решение.
· In trying to devise ways to improve the efficiency of production the company managers displayed real ingenuity.
Когда менеджеры компании пытались найти способы повышения эффективности производства, они проявили подлинную изобретательность (Пытаясь найти…)
· On arriving the Prime Minister announced he managed to secure new international loans.
По прибытии премьер-министр сообщил, что ему удалось добиться получения новых международных займов.
б) Аналогичным образом контекст определяет выбор средства перевода (инфинитив, придаточное предложение, деепричастие или сочетание предлога с существительным) герундия со следующими предлогами:
| besides | - кроме того, что |
| instead of | - вместо того, чтобы |
| apart from | - кроме, не говоря уже |
| in case of, in the event of | - в случае если |
| subject to | - при условии |
| by, in | - путем, при помощи |
| owing to | - из-за, вследствие |
| for fear of | - из опасения |
| without | без, без того чтобы |
Примечание:
Предлог without часто также переводится отрицательной формой деепричастия.
· They promised not to undertake any actions without consulting their partners.
Они пообещали не предпринимать никаких действий, не согласовав их со своими партнерами.
2. Герундий в функции определения, дополнения, подлежащего и составного сказуемого
Герундий в функции определения, дополнения, подлежащего и составного сказуемого не вызывает особых трудностей при переводе.
· The Foreign Secretary has been insisting on the importance of negotiating on limited practical questions.
Министр иностранных дел все время настаивает на необходимости ведения переговоров по ограниченному кругу практических вопросов.
· The Prime Minister avoided mentioning it for fear of being criticized.