Премьер-министр избегал упоминания об этом из опасения, что его подвергнут критике.
· Solving Britain's economic difficulties, said the Prime Minister, is a question not so much of political doctrine as practical judgement.
Разрешение экономических трудностей Великобритании, сказал премьер-министр, это вопрос не столько политической доктрины, сколько практической целесообразности.
Примечание.
а) Сочетание there is no c герундием часто переводится безличным предложением.
· There is no denying that future growth of inflation may be averted by this move.
Нельзя отрицать, что этот шаг может помочь избежать дальнейшего роста инфляции.
б) После выражения far from герундий переводится: не только не…; но…; вместо того чтобы (+инфинитив)…; отнюдь не (+деепричастие)…
· Far from averting the threat of inflation, this surrender will only bring about still tougher action later.
Отнюдь не устраняя самой угрозы инфляции, эта уступка (это отступление) лишь приведет к еще более жестким мерам в будущем.
3. Герундиальный комплекс
Герундиальный комплекс (сочетание герундия с существительными, притяжательными и личными местоимениями или группой слов) часто переводится с помощью вводных слов: то, что…; тот факт, что…; (с тем) чтобы…; после того как…; что…и др.
We look forward to much attention being given to this question.
Мы рассчитываем на то, что этому вопросу будет уделено большое внимание.
Примечание. Часто подобные формы герундиального комплекса путают с причастием, что ведет к искажению смысла. Только контекстуальный анализ поможет сделать верный выбор.
· Jobs and living standards depend on the industrial capacity of the nation being used to the full.
Занятость и уровень жизни зависят от того, насколько полно используются производственные мощности страны.
Если предположить, что being used является причастием в функции определения, то следовало бы перевести это предложение следующим образом: "…зависят от производственных мощностей страны, которые сейчас используются в полном объеме", что, очевидно, лишено смысла.
Проанализируйте и переведите следующие предложения:
| 1. | The Belgium Prime Minister offered his resignation to the King in Brussels yesterday after failing to reconcile a Cabinet split over tough new economic measures. |
| 2. | In proclaiming its economic plan this autumn, the Government must convince the country that it has the will and the means to redeploy labour efficiently if industry will cooperate. |
| 3. | Mr. N. in a comment last night said the Government was making "a grave mistake in not taking the opportunity of explaining their economic policy to the country and submitting it to public criticism and comment". |
| 4. | Britain put itself firmly at odds with the rest of the European Union Tuesday by blocking fishing agreements with third countries. |
| 5. | The economists argued that "there is no basis in economic theory or supporting evidence for the government's belief that by deflating demand it will bring inflation permanently under control and thereby induce an automatic recovery in output and employment". |
| 6. | Neither the federal government nor the nation as a whole needs to be reminded of the necessity of saving and conserving energy, especially by finding substitutes for oil. The message has been forcefully driven home by declining deliveries from Iran and Iraq. |
| 7. | By not losing sight of the long-term objectives they made themselves masters and not servants or victims of economic forces operating in the world. |
| 8. | White House official said in advance the President had decided for now to encourage Japan to limit exports on its own, but planned no specific request. Both sides said they hope to settle the issue without resorting to "protectionism". |
| 9. | They argue that the oil incomes of such countries as Saudi Arabia, which is likely to earn more than $ 120 billion this year, are already far in excess of what they can channel into their economies without risking more inflation and without aggravating the social tensions resulting from modernization. |
| 10. | They had established it without waiting for an international treaty to be concluded. |
| 11. | The three-point program, instead of preventing decentralization of Canada, instead of being a means of uniting the country, was dividing it. |
| 12. | Mexico City - After years of taking Latin America for granted, the United States is now finding that much of the region no longer shares its view of the world. |
| 13. | The American program provided for a number of alternative sources of synthetic fuels, including not only coal-to-oil processes, but ways of converting coal to gas as well as extracting liquid fuel from oil shale. |
| 14. | Oil companies are barred by agreement with the government from making any public statements of their revenues or the amount of oil they are exporting. |
| 15. | There are countries who would be ready to sign agreements with the developing nations for training some of their people over the next five, ten years. |
| 16. | It is nonsense for its supporters to claim that the present policy is a success. It has succeeded in increasing the number of out of work, and in reducing production. |
| 17. | But his scenario lies far beyond the limits of any past experience in the United States or any other industrial country. Getting inflation down is necessary, but it is harmful for politicians to suggest that it will be costless. |
| 18. | Far from doing anything to reduce the number of jobless, the Government is planning to throw more out of work with its rail and pit closures. |
| 19. | The drive toward monopoly in the British Press is no different in essence from the same development in all other major industries. Far from hindering this development in all other major industries, the Government is actually encouraging it. |
| 20. | Foreign exchange analysts, despite all the fanfare and pep talk about the United States reasserting its leading role as a bastion of free enterprise, remain extremely skeptical that the dollar's strength can be sustained without the support of high interest rates. |
| 21. | "There is no question therefore of the door being firmly closed against any increase of pay for civil services before July 1 next", he declared. |
| 22. | In and outside Parliament, using all means at their disposal, they intend to organize their considerable resources in an effort to prevent the dominant sector of the industry becoming State-owned. |
| 23. | It is not the critics of the Minister of Economy who are cynical. That is a word which could be more accurately applied to a Minister who says he is for prices being kept down, and then supports a Budget which puts them up. |
| 24. | They gathered to discuss the injustices of foreign trade as they affect the chances of the poor countries ever becoming less poor. |
| 25. | The whole system was nothing but an alarm system designed to go off in case of raw materials being illegally removed or utilized. |
1. Причастие в различных функциях
Причастие в различных функциях (определения, обстоятельства и т.д.) чаще переводится причастием настоящего и прошедшего времени, деепричастием или придаточным предложением в зависимости от контекста.
· The committee passed the resolution calling for free trade policies.
Комитет принял резолюцию, призывающую к проведению политики свободной торговли.
· The data obtained are being carefully analyzed and studied.
Полученные данные (данные, которые были получены) тщательно анализируются и изучаются.
· Commenting last night on the deficit reduction program he stressed the necessity of cutting expenses.
Выступая вчера вечером с комментарием по поводу программы уменьшения дефицита бюджета, он подчеркнул необходимость сокращения расходов.
· Asked to comment on the plan he replied…
Когда его попросили высказаться по поводу этого плана, он ответил…
· The central bank, though forced to give way on some matters, will stick to the tough financial policy.
Центральный банк, которому хотя и пришлось пойти на уступки по некоторым вопросам, по-прежнему будет придерживаться жесткой финансовой политики.
· Imports from the U.S. declined about 14 per cent in value. Considering the increase in import prices the volume decrease was much greater.
Импорт из США сократился примерно на 14% в стоимостном выражении. Если учесть рост импортных цен, то очевидно снижение товарного объема импорта было еще большим.
Примечание. Стилистика русского языка не всегда допускает перевод с помощью причастий сочетаний существительного с причастием, столь распространенных в английском языке. Например, сочетания the letter stating (saying, writing и т.п.) чаще переводятся: письмо, в котором утверждается (говорится, требуется и т.п.).
2. Причастные конструкции
Причастные конструкции "имя + причастие" переводятся чаще придаточным предложением с союзами что, как или чтобы. Конструкция типа "have/get + имя + причастие" не имеет аналога в русском языке, представляя существенную трудность для перевода. Поэтому ее конкретное оформление при переводе зависит от контекста.
· The free traders want protectionism and trade barriers banned.
Сторонники свободной торговли хотят, чтобы протекционизм и торговые барьеры были запрещены.
· We must treat this as a national emergency issue and must get this decision reversed.
Мы должны рассматривать это как вопрос чрезвычайной важности для страны и должны добиваться, чтобы данное решение было пересмотрено.
Конструкция с причастием barred может иметь значение исключения какого-либо условия и переводится при помощи если не... . Это же причастие может иметь форму barring, но оно в этом случае стоит в начале причастной конструкции.
* Unforeseen circumstances barred, the currency will remain stable. (Ср.: Barring the unforeseen circumstances, the currency will remain stable.)
Валюта останется стабильной, если не возникнут непредвиденные обстоятельства.
Проанализируйте и переведите следующие предложения:
| 1. | This means examining not only the likely course of events within these countries and in the developing world but also the interactions between the two, the aim being to assess the importance of structural changes which will affect the economy of the world as a whole. |
| 2. | The new service is being introduced because there is a growing amount of European freight being directed to the Middle East through Italian ports. |
| 3. | Mr. Maclennan replied that the wholesale output index had increased by 20,75 per cent year-on-year since May, showing no change since April. |
| 4. | At that time I noticed various policies being developed and implemented at the nation level. |
| 5. | Noting the price inflation curve, we see this rising very sharply during the year (to 16.1 per cent) and reaching a peak in June (at 26.5 per cent). |
| 6. | A grim new year of record-high unemployment, slow growth and unnervingly high inflation stretching into the next year is in store for the major industrialized countries, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development reports. |
| 7. | Canadians have a government committed to free trade, no tariffs on U.S. imports, which means the U.S. companies are free to treat Canada as open season and Canada companies are free to compete. Some competition, some freedom! |
| 8. | In another test of strength which is putting strain on the community, France and West Germany have refused to make payments called for by the European Parliament to finance social and regional projects in poorer areas. This has caused sharp resentment in Italy and Greece. |
| 9. | Barring further sharp increases in the price of crude oil - a development which seems highly unlikely in the short run - there is room to believe that the Japanese economy will soon emerge from its current doldrums. |
| 10. | All three governments, pleading national budget austerity, have refused to permit any rise in over-all EU spending above a controversial financial ceiling. |
| 11. | The Chrysler Corporation tentatively won a loan guarantee of another $400 million from the Federal government, bringing to $ 1.2 billion the amount of funds given to the auto maker. |
| 12. | Considering the complexity of the problem, the decision was reached at a rather early date. |
| 13. | Coupled with his reluctance to discuss this question this presents a major obstacle to any kind of agreement. |
| 14. | Decisions have been taken at Brussels, which, if carried out, would lead straight to further controversies. |
| 15. | President said in a message accompanying the document that it "will stop runaway inflation and revitalize the economy if given a chance". He asked Congress to join him in a quest to "move America back toward economic sanity". |
| 16. | During the work-to-rule campaign many saw their efforts wasted because some were induced to work extra hours. |
| 17. | Over the controversial draft treaty, harmony is to be expected - and a powerful attempt to get it signed by many nations. |
| 18. | The cargo was badly damaged by the fire, the owners suffering great losses. |