Отдельно следует остановиться на особенностях абсолютной причастной конструкции с предлогом with, который в этих случаях на русский язык не переводится. Вариант перевода будет зависеть от контекста.
· With the prices going higher and wages frozen it is becoming increasingly difficult for the British home market to maintain stability.
Так как (поскольку) цены продолжают расти, а заработная плата заморожена, становится все труднее сохранять стабильность на внутреннем рынке Великобритании.
Примечание. Причастие being в данной конструкции часто опускается.
· With unemployment now a crisis issue… = With unemployment being now a crisis issue…
Теперь, когда вопрос о безработице стоит очень остро…
Проанализируйте и переведите следующие предложения:
| 1. | With Phillips now having more than 15 production centres in Britain, it seems unlikely that the British operation will go unscathed. |
| 2. | With United Kingdom wage levels rising, the costs of production in Britain are now only marginally less than on the Continent. |
| 3. | With imports continuing to rise, the crude trade deficit of $ 82 million in the first quarter was nearly at the level of a year previously, which was the worst deficit ever recorded. |
| 4. | It was virtually the end of the four-year transitional period since the UK joined the EEC in 1973 and, with the disappearance of customs on industrial goods traded at that time between the EEC and all the EFTA countries, the world's biggest tariff-free area had come finally into existence. |
| 5. | In the three months to May import volume fell by 2 1/2 per cent and, with sluggish home demand expected, may not rise much in the reminder of the year. |
| 6. | With more money about, we tend to make an undue demand upon our own domestic products instead of exporting them, therefore creating a balance of payments problem. |
| 7. | With Britain gripped by recession and 2.5 million unemployed, intense competition for jobs tends to leave black youths behind. |
| 8. | With U.S. exports still limited by congestion in ports, it is possible that South Africa could become the leading supplier to Europe when it completes the current phase of expansion of its automated and computerized Indian Ocean coal port, Richards Bay. |
| 9. | With domestic demand slack, the Japanese economy has had to depend on exports for much of its growth - particularly of such high-priced items as automobiles, which now provide 17 per cent of the country's total exports. |
| 10. | This year, with the threat of protectionist action in Europe and the United States in the background, auto-makers are showing restraint in their shipments to familiar overseas customers. |
| 11. | With sales of automobiles of the domestic market sagging, and many dealers in deficit, the pressure to export autos last year was acute. |
| 12. | With their profits siphoned off by the central government bonds, some production units will undoubtedly have to curtail expansion plans, profit-sharing and other incentives to workers. |
| 13. | With West German industry pressing for lower interest rates to stimulate investment, the Bundesbank's capacity to defend the mark by hiking rates is extremely limited. |
| 14. | With the Government doing its utmost to keep wages down, and with price increases due to the EU membership coming on top of price increases arising from Government policy, the standard of living in this country would be given an extremely serious setback. |
| 15. | Through the first nine months, Japanese shipyards reportedly won more than 80 per cent of all export ship orders handled within the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), with the 12-nation Association of Western European Shipbuilders (AWES) taking the remainder. |
| 16. | «Statistics Canada» announced another rise in the cost of living with food prices leading the way. |
| 17. | As there is a natural limit to the capacity of consumption of necessities of life (food, etc.), particular attention must be paid to industrialization, with consumption prospects in this sphere being particularly unlimited for a long time to come. |
| 18. | This is in essence a Honda car - the Ballade - built under licence in Britain with Honda supplying key components. |
| 19. | Export demand has been buoyant, with high quality products particularly benefiting from the devaluation of the pound. |
| 20. | Tens of thousands of interesting British patents are on display in the British Patents Office but the vast majority have been abandoned due to a combination of high patent costs and astronomically high model costs, perhaps with the inventor going bankrupt in the process. |
| 21. | The agreement marks a major extension of the collaboration between the two companies, which began with the car launched in Britain last year. |
4. Причастие в функции союзов и предлогов
Некоторые причастия в функции союзов и предлогов переводятся чаще на русский язык следующим образом:
| provided, granted (granting) | - при условии, принимая во внимание |
| supposing, assuming | - если, допустим, предположим что |
| seeing | - поскольку, принимая во внимание, учитывая, ввиду того что |
| given | - при наличии, если учесть |
| failing | - при отсутствии |
| regarding, respecting | - относительно |
| pending | - до, в ожидании |
| following | - вслед за |
| considering | - учитывая |
· Given good will on the part of other partners the project could be carried out without any further delay.
При наличии доброй воли со стороны других партнеров этот проект мог бы быть осуществлен без дальнейшего промедления.
Проанализируйте и переведите следующие предложения:
| 1. | Given the well-known complexities of the Japanese distribution system, the second part of this arrangement is particularly important. |
| 2. | Given the highly capital intensive nature of such a project, new technologies are brought to the greatest number of people only when labour intensive projects and business are encouraged. |
| 3. | Given a British expanding market the average increase in productive efficiency is 3 per cent a year. |
| 4. | Given the output achieved in the first four months and the outlook for the UK economy published in the Financial Statement and Budget Report it seems unlikely that chemicals output will rise by as much as 5 per cent. |
| 5. | These tremendous, complex tasks can be carried out given planned development of the national economy and correct leadership of the national economic development. |
| 6. | If Saudi Arabia decides to maintain its production at the current level, the highest prices are almost equally certain to continue to decline, given the state of the market. |
| 7. | Foreign-owned companies that set up British subsidiaries to channel their profit pay no tax provided their management and control remain outside. |
| 8. | Objections to this plan, supposing there is any, should be reported to the committee at once. |
| 9. | Assuming the hearty cooperation of all the members, it is reasonable to expect that the project will be successful. |
| 10. | Prospects are bright for a big expansion of trade between these two countries, following the signing of a new three-year trade agreement. |
| 11. | Failing agreement by the United States to steps of this kind, serious consideration should be given to the possibilities of Western Europe to maintain high levels of output and trade in the international economy outside the United States. |
| 12. | Pending the reopening of negotiations and fearing the abrogation of some privileges the State Council adopted certain measures. |
| 13. | America's Secretary of State headed a U.S. Government delegation which has arrived in Tokyo for talks on trade matters. The delegation left in a convoy of 36 cars for a mountain resort, pending the opening of the talks tomorrow. |
| 14. | The decision this month, according to the sources, was to postpone any such changes, pending a large policy review regarding relations with China and Taiwan. |
| 15. | And it is argued that the risk that Britain runs in exposing her hand, though not to be discounted, is well worth taking, considering the importance to British industry of the negotiations as a whole. |
V РАЗДЕЛ
Перевод предложений со сказуемым в страдательном залоге представляет значительную трудность по ряду причин:
1. Целый ряд глаголов, которые в английском языке образуют пассивную форму, не употребляются в страдательном залоге в русском языке. Например, глаголы to arrive at, to call upon, to deal with, to enter into, to refer to, to report on, to dictate to, to tell (smth), to give (smth) to.
· The Council was told that…
Совету сообщили, что…
2. Переходному английскому глаголу может соответствовать непереходный глагол в русском языке. Например, to affect (воздействовать на), to attend (присутствовать на), to follow (следовать за), to influence (влиять на), to join (присоединяться к), to need (нуждаться в) и др.
· The oil prices were affected by the shortage on the market.
Сокращение предложения на рынке сказалось на уровне цен на нефть.
3. В английском языке фразеологические сочетания могут употребляться в пассиве, в то время как при переводе на русский язык страдательный залог меняется на действительный. Например, to make use of, to pay attention to, to take notice of и др.
· This statement should be looked at in the new light.
Это заявление следует рассматривать в новом свете.
4. В русском языке страдательный залог не имеет такого широкого употребления, как в английском, и его часто заменяют действительным по стилистическим соображениям или для того, чтобы правильно определить смысловой акцент.