Учебно-методическое пособие для студентов гуманитарных специальностей вузов Втрех частях (стр. 10 из 41)
4. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form.
49) Jessica was here not long ago. If you … (come round) earlier, you … (see) her.
50) I'm so glad that you took me to your friend's party. If we … (not go) there, I … (never meet) Ann.
51) They've been married for 25 years now but I don't think she … (marry) him if she … (know) what a selfish man he was.
52) Fortunately, the explosion took place at night when the streets were empty. It … (be) a disaster if it … (happen) in the middle of the day.
53) We wanted to go out yesterday but the weather was terrible. If it … (be) a nice day, we … (go) for a picnic.
54) If you … (come) to the theatre yesterday, you … (enjoy) the play.
55) She … (get) a promotion last year, if she … (not argue) with the boss.
56) If only I … (know) you already had tickets, I … (not get) any for you.
57) The accident was Ann's fault. She was driving too close to the car in front. If she … (be) further away he … (be able) to stop in time.
58) We were traveling with false passports. That was the trouble. If our passports … (be) all right we … (not be) arrested.
5. Complete the following sentences.
59) We would have stayed in Moscow longer … .
60) I wouldn't have been so angry when we got there … .
61) If I had read more … .
62) If you had known about the party yesterday … .
63) They would have got tickets for you … .
6. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Yesterday the famous bank robber, Fingers Smith, robbed another bank in the center of town. As usual, he only stole 10 pounds. If he (64) … (leave) any clues, he (65) … (be) in prison now, but he is too much clever. He disconnected the security cameras; if he (66) … (not/do) that, the police (67) … (have) him on film now. The strange thing is, Fingers doesn't seem to be interested in the money; if he (68) … (be), he (69) … (can/steal) thousands of pounds by now. The police are determined to catch him, and the Chief is confident that they will. He says that if he (70) … (think) they weren't going to arrest Fingers eventually, he (71) … (leave) the police force long ago.
Unit 7
7. Complete these sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets. Some sentences require a negative.
72) Peter is always late. If only … (turn up) on time for a change.
73) If only … (lose) all my money. Now I'm broke.
74) Bruce wishes he … (have) more money so he could buy a new sweater.
75) I wish it … (snow) now that it's Christmas.
76) I wish you … (keep) your mouth shut yesterday. Now Mary knows everything.
77) Of course Tom wishes he … (come) with us to Paris, but he has to stay here and work.
78) I wish we … (go) to the match on Saturday, but we're visiting my uncle instead.
79) I wish you … (do) that. It annoys me.
80) I wish you … (stop) watching TV while I am talking to you.
81) I wish … (come) so we could go off to the seaside.
8. Translate into English.
82) Хорошо бы завтра не было дождя.
83) Если бы ты позвонил мне вчера, я бы взяла твои книги.
84) Я позволю своему сыну поехать туда, если он бросит эту идею.
85) Жаль, что ты этого не понимаешь.
86) На твоём месте, я не придавала бы этой проблеме такое огромное значение.
87) Жаль, что сегодня так холодно.
88) Если бы вы приняли лекарство, вы бы были сейчас здоровы.
89) Мы посидим в кафе, пока они будут ходить по магазинам.
90) Он бы не провалил вступительный экзамен, если бы усерднее готовился к нему.
91) Я пошлю ему телеграмму, если он завтра не приедет.
92) Хорошо бы он уже пришёл.
93) Я буду обращаться к нему по этому вопросу до тех пор, пока не добьюсь своего.
94) Он пожалел, что не знает адреса девушки.
95) Если бы я был на вашем месте, я бы никогда не стал разговаривать с ней таким тоном.
96) Если бы она не любила его, она бы не поехала с ним.
97) Он выступал первым. Ах, если бы вы слышали, как он говорил.
98) Теперь они смеются надо мной. Ах, если бы я не показывал им эти стихи.
99) Если бы ты вовремя предупредил меня, я бы никогда не пошла туда.
100) Жаль, что они расстались. Они были прекрасной парой.
Total: 100/ ________
Unit 1 The Indicative, Imperative,
and Subjunctive Moods.
§ 1 Mood. General Information
Mood is the form of the verb that shows in what relation to reality the speaker places the action expressed by the predicate verb.
There are the following three moods in English:
· the Indicative Mood,
· the Imperative Mood, and
· the Subjunctive Mood.
The Indicative Mood presents actions as real facts: We are happy. No one has washed the dishes yet. They invited me to the party.
The Indicative Mood has the categories of tense, aspect, voice, number and person (see Part II): Jane hasn't been here for a year. He is going to college. He can't be relied on.
The Imperative Mood expresses a command or request. The verb in the Imperative Mood has practically only one form which coincides with the stem of the verb: Introduce me to your friend. Don't speak to me in such a tone!
The verb let is used, as a rule, with imperative first and third person expressions, as Let us assemble in the hall! or Let every one sign his name.
The Subjunctive Mood of a verb indicates action or state as supposed or imagined or as contrary to the fact:
If only I had much money! (but I don’t have it) – Если бы у меня были (сейчас) деньги! (но у меня их нет)
If only I hadn’t failed my English exam! (but I failed) – Если бы только я не провалил свой экзамен по английскому языку! (но я провалил).
§ 2 The Subjunctive Mood
1. The forms of the Subjunctive Mood.
The most common forms of the Subjunctive Mood may be referred to as the Present Subjunctive, the Past Subjunctive and the Perfect Subjunctive.
The Present Subjunctive Mood has the same form as the Infinitive without to:
Though all the world be false, still will I be true.
In complex sentences after that-clause it may also have the form of the auxiliaries should, would, may (might) or shall (now very seldom) and the Infinitive of the notional verb:
I recommend that the plans (should) be carried through. (The verb should is often omitted).
The Past Subjunctive has the same form as the Past Indefinite, except the verb to be that has the form were for all the persons singular and plural:
I wish he worked harder. (but he doesn’t)
I wish he were less remote.(but he is not)
I wish you were here. (but you are not)
The Perfect Subjunctive has the same forms as the Past Perfect:
If only he had worked harder (but he didn’t)
If I had visited him yesterday! (but I didn’t)
He speaks about it as if he had seen it himself (but he didn’t)
2. The use of the Subjunctive Mood.
The Subjunctive Mood may be used nowadays in simple sentences to express hope, wish or prayer (the Present Subjunctive) as in:
God save the Queen! God forgive you! Manners be hanged!
But mostly the Subjunctive Mood is used in complex sentences:
· in that-clauses expressing resolution, recommendation, command or necessity (the Present Subjunctive):
The judge demands that the prisoner tell the truth.
I insist that he (should) meet me;
·
in if-clauses and after the verb to wish (see Unit 7) to denote an unreal condition referring to the present or future or to the past if the verb in the if-clause expresses an action simultaneous with the action in the principal clause (the Past Subjunctive):If I were young!
I wish I were a gipsy.
I wished he were less remote.
He wished she would stop thanking him.
· in conditional sentences both in the subordinate clause (if-clause) to express an unreal condition, and in the principal (main) clause to express an unreal consequence (see Units 2-6):
1) If she were here, you would notice him. (The Past Subjunctive)
Если бы она была здесь, она бы заметила его
the if-clause the main clause
2) If we had had a rope, we could have saved him. (The Perfect
Если бы у нас (тогда) был канат, Subjunctive)
мы бы спасли его
the if-clause the main clause
Unit 2 Three Types of Conditional Sentences
1. So, both the Indicative Mood and the Subjunctive Mood are used in conditional sentences to express different types of condition and consequence.
The verb in the Indicative Mood in one of the present tenses expresses a real condition and a real consequence:
If it rains, I shall stay at home.
If you have finished, you can go out.
The verb in the Subjunctive Mood (the Past and Perfect Subjunctive) expresses different unreal conditions and consequences:
1) an unreal condition and consequence in the present or future is expressed by the verb in the Past Subjunctive:
If only we had a rope (but we haven’t) we could save him!
(Ср. рус.: Если бы у нас (сейчас) был канат!)
If only it rained tomorrow (but it may not), I could stay at home!
2) an unreal condition in the past is expressed by the verb in the Perfect Subjunctive:If only we had had a rope (but we didn’t) we could have saved him. (Ср. рус.: Если бы у нас (тогда) был канат, мы бы его спасли)
2. Thus, we may speak about three major types of complex conditional sentences, or conditionals (Units 3-5):
1) Conditional I: with a real condition and a real consequence expressed by verbs in the Indicative Mood:
If he runs, he will catch the train.
2) Conditional II: with an unreal condition and an unreal consequence in the present or future expressed by verbs in the Past Subjunctive:
If he ran, he would catch the train.
3) Conditional III: with an unreal condition in the past and an unreal consequence expressed by verbs in the Perfect Subjunctive:
If he had run, he would have caught the train.
3. There is also a mixed type of conditional sentences with an unreal condition (Unit 6) where:
a) the condition refers to the past but the consequence refers to the present or future:
If you had taken your medicine yesterday, you would be well today.
b) the condition refers to no particular time and the conesquence refers to the past:
If he were not so absent-minded, he would not have mistaken you for your sister.
Unit 3 Type I Conditionals with Real Condition
Type I Conditionals talk about things which will possibly happen and consider their real consequences for the future.
If I see her, I shall be very glad. Если я увижу её, я буду очень рад.
Type I Conditionals may have the following structures:1. The verb in the if-clause is in the Present Indefinite tense; the verb in the main clause is in the Future Indefinite:
if-clause main clause
if + Present Indefinite Future Indefinite (will + Infinitive)
If he works hard he will pass his exams
2. Other structures in the if-clause and in the main clause are possible, depending on what you want to say:
if- clause main clause
if + Present Indefinite modal verb
If you behave yourself, you can come.
if + Present Indefinite to be going to (future)
If you don't work, you're going to fail.
if + Present Indefinite Imperative
If you need anything, ask.
if + Present Continuous will + Infinitive
If we're leaving soon, I'll get on my coat.
if + Present Perfect will + Infinitive
If I've finished, I'll be able to come.
if + Present Perfect modal verb
If you've finished, you can go out
Imperative and/or + will
Eat less, and you will get slim.
3. Alternatives to ‘if’ in conditionals.
So/As long as you promise not to tell, you can come too.
You can drive this car provided/providing (that) you're fully insured.
Suppose/Supposing something goes wrong, what then?