Учебно-методическое пособие для студентов гуманитарных специальностей вузов Втрех частях (стр. 13 из 41)
1) (I started the school after the bank lent me $50.000.). If the bank hadn’t lent me $50.000 I wouldn’t have started the school.
2) (I continued because the school was a success). I ___ if the school ___ a success.
3) (We won the Pacifica University contract, so we didn’t have money problems). If we ___ the Pacifica University contract, we ___ money problems.
4) (I didn’t retire, so we didn’t go to live in Italy). If I ___ we ___ to live in Italy.
5) (We didn’t build another language lab because there weren’t enough students). We ___ another language lab if ___ ___ enough students.
6) (We didn’t move to a better building because the rent for this building was so low). We ___ to a better building if the rent for this building ___ so low.
7) (Anyway, our teachers with us because there was a friendly atmosphere). Anyway, our teachers ___ with us if ___ a friendly atmosphere.
5. Open the brackets.
BOTH RIGHT AND BOTH WRONG
The black car screamed round the corner on the wrong side of the road and passed a white car doing exactly the same thing in the other direction. Both drivers stopped and got out of their cars. ‘If I (1) (be) had been on my side of the road, you (2) ___ (kill) me’, driver A shouted. ‘But you weren’t on your side of the road,’ driver B shouted back. ‘If you (3) ___ (... driving) more carefully, you (4) ___ (not be) on the wrong side of the road.’ ‘If I (5) ___ (know) what was round the corner, I (6) ___ (keep) to my side of the road,’ driver A said. ‘If you (7) ___ (know) what was round the corner, you (8) ___ (... not driving) so carelessly.’ Suddenly, both men stopped shouting and driver A said, very quietly, ‘If we both (9) ___ (not be) on the wrong side of the road. we (10) ___ (be) dead now.’ Without speaking a further word, both men shook hands and drove away.
6. Comment on the following situations with if (expressing regret, etc.).
Model: John ate too much cake, so he was sick.
If John hadn’t eaten too/so much cake, he wouldn’t have been sick.
1) We came home from our holiday early because we ran out of money.
2) The house didn’t burn down because the fire brigade came immediately.
3) The men were wearing protective clothing, so they were all quite safe.
4) I had an accident because I wasn’t watching the road.
5) I was sweating because it was so hot.
6) My father didn’t earn much money, so life wasn’t easy for us.
7) I didn’t enjoy school, so I didn’t do very well.
7. Read a situation and write a sentence with if.
Model: She didn’t eat anything because she wasn’t hungry
If she had been hungry, she would have eaten something.
1) The accident happened because the driver in front stopped so suddenly.
If the driver in front ___.
2) I didn’t wake Nora because I didn’t know she wanted to get up early.
If I ___.
3) She wasn’t injured in the crash because she was wearing a seat belt.
If ___.
4) I was able to buy the car because Jim lent me the money.
If ___.
5) You’re hungry now because you didn’t have breakfast.
If ___.
6) She didn’t buy the coat because she didn’t have enough money on her.
If ___.
8. Rewrite these sentences as conditionals.
Model: Unfortunately I didn’t see him, so I couldn’t give him your message.
If I had seen him, I could have given him your message.
1) Unfortunately he didn’t pass his exams or he might have gone to university.
2) He didn’t realize what was happening or he would have run away.
3) Fortunately I didn’t hear what she said or I would have been very angry.
4) They got in because you didn’t lock the door properly.
5) It only happened because you didn’t follow the instructions.
6) Luckily she didn’t find out or she would have been furious.
7) It’s lucky we looked a room or we would have had nowhere to stay.
8) It’s a good job we weren’t going any faster or someone could have been killed.
9) He was so tired that he went home at lunchtime.
9. Complete the sentences.
1) If I’d had my eye damaged, ... .
2) We would have flown to California ... .
3) The flight wouldn’t have been delayed if ... .
4) I would never have known if ... .
5) If I had read more ... .
6) They would have signed the contract if ... .
7) We would have stayed in Paris longer ... .
8) We wouldn’t have spent all our money if ... .
9) If the adverts had said something about the noise from traffic, ... .
10) If I’d seen an accident, ... .
11) She wouldn’t have called you liar if ... .
12) Mr Spark wouldn’t have gone to the pub if ... .
13) There might be an accident if ... .
14) If I had felt seasick, ... .
10. Translate into English
1) Я бы не уволился, если бы они повысили тогда зарплату.
2) Я бы не провалил экзамен, если бы подготовился к нему как положено.
3) Моя сестра купила бы этот костюм ещё в прошлом месяце, если бы получила зарплату вовремя.
4) Я бы пошёл на вчерашнюю вечеринку, если бы Смиты меня пригласили.
5) Если бы прошлым летом у меня был автомобиль, я бы ездил на пляж каждое утро.
6) Наше предприятие не закрыли бы, если бы мы отдали все долги до марта.
7) Если бы она не прислала вчера это письмо, мой брат был бы сейчас дома.
8) Вы бы не разбили вазу, если бы были осторожнее.
9) Если бы Кити приняла вчера лекарство, она бы чувствовала себя хорошо сегодня.
10) Если бы не дождь, мы бы могли сейчас поехать за город.
11) Вы бы не разбили вазу, если бы были осторожнее.
12) Если бы ни Вы, я бы никогда не выполнил эту работу вовремя.
13) Торт сгорел бы, если бы я не пошла на кухню.
14) Мы бы не пошли в ресторан, если бы знали цены.
15) Костёр не погас бы, если бы мы подбрасывали в него дрова (to put logs).
Unit 6 Mixed Conditionals
(see Unit 2, 3)
E x e r c i s e s
1. Match the clauses together to make mixed conditional sentences.
| 1) If you had told me about this problem earlier 2) If you were a more sensitive person 3) If they don’t contact you soon 4) If he hadn’t died so young 5) If he didn’t work so hard all the time 6) If the train hadn’t been delayed 7) If he was feeling ill this morning 8) If you’re coming with us 9) If I really wanted to have children 10) If you had worked harder last month | a) he probably won’t be at the meeting b) you could always ring them up c) his wife would never have left him d) you wouldn’t have said that to her e) I would have had them by now f) everything would be all right now g) would you hurry up and get ready? h) you wouldn’t be so busy this month i) we would be there by now j) I’m sure he’d be a famous musician |
2. Use mixed conditionals in these sentences.
1) If I ___ (be) you, I ___ (check) my facts before I wrote the letter.
2) If you ___ (be) so hungry, you ___ (not miss) breakfast.
3) If he ___ (not catch) the 5.30 train, he ___ (not arrive) for another two hours.
4) He ___ (feel) very tired today if he ___ (play) rugby yesterday.
5) If the snake bite ___ (be) poisonous, you ___ (feel) very ill now.
6) If I ___ (be) in your position, I ___ (answer) his letter by now.
3. Two scouts, Alan and Bob, are sheltering from a storm. They are discussing what has happened, and what to do now. Complete the conversation with a suitable form of the verb in brackets.
| Аlan: | I (1) ‘ll carry on (carry on) with our walk when the weather (2) ____ (clear up). |
| Bob: | Yes. But if (3) ___ (know) the weather was going to be this bad, I (4) ___ (never set out). |
| Alan: | Well, it’s a bit brighter now. If it (5) ___ (stop) raining, we (6) ___ (easily be) back at the camp by sunset. |
| Bob: | I suppose things could be worse. Do you remember the hill-walk last year? We (7) ___ (have to) turn back almost as soon as we (8) ___ (start), when Charlie Dickson (9) ___ (break) his ankle. |
| Alan: | That’s right. And that was after we (10) ___(spend) ages preparing for the walk. |
| Bob: | Still we were lucky that the accident happened so soon after we (11) ___ (set out). If it (12) ___ (happen) later, we (13) ___ (have to) carry Charlie for miles. |
| Alan: | Well just at this moment, I couldn’t carry anybody. If a helicopter (14) ___ (come) over the top of that hill, I (15) ___(wave) to the pilot for a lift. |
| Bob: | There isn’t much chance of that. Anyway, my problem is my feet. They’re killing me! I (16) ___ (put) some ointment on them if I (17) ___ (have) any. But I forgot to pack it. |
| Alan: | Me too. But the rain’s stopped, so let’s go. Just think! When we (18) ___ (get) a good, hot meat at the camp tonight, we (19) ___ (be) glad that we came. |
4. Put in the right conditionals.
THE SECRET OF A LONG LIFE
Grygori Pilikan recently celebrated his 114th birthday and reporters visited him in his mountain village in Georgia to find out the secret of a long life. ‘The secret of a long life,’ Grygori said, ‘is happiness. If you (1) (be) are happy, you will live a long time.’ ‘Are you married?’ a reporter asked. ‘Yes,’ Grygori replied. ‘I married my third wife when I was 102. If you happily married, you (2) ___ (live) for ever. But for my third wife, I (3) ___(die) years ago.’ ‘What about smoking and drinking?’ a reporter asked. ‘Yes, they are important,’ Grygori said. ‘Don’t smoke at all and you (4) ___ (feel) well. Drink two glasses of wine a day and you (5) ___ (be) healthy and happy.’ ‘If you (6) ___ (can/live) your life again, what (7) ___ (you/do)?’ a reporter asked.’ ‘I would do what I have done. If I had more sense, I (8) ___ (eat) more yoghourt!’ he chuckled. ‘Supposing you (9) __ (can/change) one thing in your life what (10) ___ (you/change)?’ another reporter asked. ‘Not much,’ Grygori replied. ‘So you don’t have any regrets?’ ‘Yes, I have one regret,’ Grygori replied. ‘If I (11) ___ (know) I was going to live so long, I (12) ___ (look after) myself better!’
5. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb in brackets.
Yesterday the famous bank robber, Fingers Smith, robbed another bank in the centre of town. As usual, he only stole $10. If he (1) had left (leave) any clues, he (2) ___ (be) in prison now, but he’s much too clever. He disconnected the security cameras; if he (3) ___ (not/do) that, the police (4) ___ (have) him on film now. The strange thing is, Fingers doesn’t seem to be interested in the money; if he (5) ___ (be), he (6) ___ (can/steal) thousands of pounds by now. The police are determined to catch him, and the Chief is confident that they will. He says that if he (7) ___ (think) they weren’t going to arrest Fingers eventually, he (8) ___ (leave) the police force long ago.
6. Translate into Russian.
1) Если бы он не был таким рассеянным, он не принял бы вас за мою сестру.
2) Алиса не купила бы эти книги, если бы не сдавала экзамен по истории.
3) Если бы вы приняли лекарство, вы были бы сейчас здоровы.
4) Если бы Чарльз знал адрес, он бы уже пришёл к этому времени.
5) Вероника не поехала бы с ним на Север после окончания института, если бы не любила его.
6) Если бы мы не были знакомы, он бы не пригласил нас на вечер.
7) Если бы я был на твоём месте, я бы проверил факты до того как написал письмо.
8) Он бы не опоздал на завтрак, если бы не разговаривал по телефону так долго.
9) Если бы ты была более тактичным человеком, ты бы не сказала ей это.
10) Если бы Сью работала усерднее в прошлом месяце, она не была бы так занята сейчас.
UNIT 7 "IF ONLY", "I WISH"
If only
'Only' can be placed after if and indicates hope, wish or regret according to the tense used with it:
a) if only + Present Indefinite / Future Indefinite – to express hope
If only he comes in time (= we hope he will come).
If only he will listen to her (= we hope he will be willing to listen).
b) if only + Past/Past Perfect – to express regret
If only he didn’t drive so fast. (= we are sorry he drives so fast)
If only you hadn't said that. (= we are sorry you said that)
If only I knew it for sure.– Ах, если бы я была в этом уверена (сейчас).
If only I had told her the truth. – Ах, если бы я сказала ей правду (в прошлом).
c) if only + would can express regret about a present action as an alternative to if only + past tense (it has the same meaning as wish + would).
If only he would drive more slowly.(= we are sorry that he isn’t willing to drive more slowly).
I wish
Wish expresses present, future, and past situations.
Here is a summary of patterns using wish:
| Verb form after wish | Time reference | Example (+ meaning) |
| Past Indefinite | Present | I wish I knew the answer. (= I don’t know). |
| Past Indefinite | Present | I wish I were better at sports. (= I’m not) |
| Past Continuous | Present | I wish I were going with you. (= I’m not) |
| Could | Present | I wish I could give you an answer. (= I can’t) |
| Would | Future | I wish you would be quiet. (= Your taking irritates me) |
| Past Perfect | Past | I wish I had known you then. (= but I didn’t) |
| Could have | Past | I wish I could have explained. (= I wasn’t able to) |
I wish he came. – Хорошо бы он пришёл.