Учебно-методическое пособие для студентов гуманитарных специальностей вузов Втрех частях (стр. 16 из 41)
86) Если бы он не был таким рассеянным, он бы не потерял свои книги.
87) Даже если бы он сдал экзамен, он бы не пошёл с нами в театр.
88) Мы бы не пошли в этот магазин, если бы знали цены.
89) Элис не делала бы мне такие подарки, если бы не любила меня.
90) Что бы ты купил, если бы тебе дали тысячу долларов?
91) Жаль, что все билеты в театр уже проданы.
92) Если бы я был на твоём месте, я бы проверил факты до того как написал письмо.
93) Ты увидишь его вместе с Паулой, если задержишься на некоторое время.
94) Ты бы никогда не поступил на исторический факультет, если бы не любил историю.
95) Я смогу купить эти книги при условии, что ты отдолжишь мне деньги.
96) Жаль, что она не сможет поехать с нами в Лондон.
97) Вам следовало бы сказать им правду. У вас не было бы таких неприятностей.
98) Если бы ты слушала своего отца, ты бы не попала в беду.
99) Жаль, что мои родители не увидят этого.
100) При условии, что мой сын будет учиться хорошо, я куплю ему новый велосипед.
Total: 100/______
Sequence of Tenses and REPORTED SPEECH
ENTRY TEST
Unit 1
1. Open the brackets using the correct tense form.
1) We were not sure that Linda would find Mary. We were afraid she (not, know) her address.
2) I didn’t introduce Paul to Katherine. I was sure they (know) each other.
3) Galileo proved that the Earth (move) round the Sun.
4) The Campbells were away. We learnt that they (travel) about Wales.
5) My friend called on me yesterday. He boasted he (get) two tickets for the match.
6) They’ve just announced that the exam in Economics (be put off) till the end of the next term.
7) The advertisement read that the performance (be) free, but when we got there, we found we had to pay.
8) I hoped that she (mature) as the years went by.
9) We decided that we (travel) to Venice by sea rather than go by air.
10) Mrs White was sure that she (be still working up) for that company the whole next year.
Unit 3
2. Turn the following statements into Reported Speech.
11) “There is too much violence on TV,” said Tessa.
12) “If the taxi-driver arrives late you will miss your flight,” he said to her.
13) “I would travel abroad if I had enough money,” said Sam.
14) “I’ve been shopping. I bought you a nice pair of shoes,” Mrs Brown said to her husband.
15) “I have eaten nothing for two days, I’m dying of hunger,” he said to her.
16) “The Earth is a planet,” she said.
17) “I’ve been training hard recently,” he told the reporters.
18) “While the workers were repairing the roof, they broke the bathroom window,” she complained.
19) “I think I failed the Intelligence Test,” Jim said.
20) “You never listen to me, Sarah,” he complained.
21) “Those are the boys who chased me,” Olivia said.
22) “She has been waiting for a long time,” she said.
23) “We came by car,” they said.
24) “I’ve finished the letters you asked me to write,” Margaret said.
25) “My money had run out,” she said to her husband.
26) “I have been waiting for you in the hall,” he said to her.
27) “I’m going to Lancaster in May,” he said to me today.
28) “I went to a bullfight during my stay in Spain,” she said to him.
29) “I try to avoid working overtime,” he said.
30) “The baby will probably be walking and talking by the next time you come,” she said to him.
31) “I’m going to tell the whole story to the police,” she said to him.
32) “I’ve bought a present for you,” he said.
33) “My friend collects unusual ashtrays,” he said.
34) “We will get on well together,” she said to me.
35) “That was a wonderful party,” said Martin.
Unit 4
3. Report the following questions.
36) “Have you ever been to Europe?” he inquired.
37) “How long are you planning to stay in Britain?” he asked her.
38) “How much money have you brought for your stay?” he asked.
39) “Who paid the bill?” she asked me.
40) “Have you heard the news on the radio?” she inquired.
41) “Which countries will John be visiting?” she asked him.
42) “Where does John’s sister work?” she asked him.
43) “Will you be coming to the concert or not?” she wanted to know.
44) “Why are those old men singing?” he asked her.
45) “What made her smile?” he requested.
46) “What was she holding in her left hand?” he asked.
47) “What’s your husband interested in?” she asked her.
48) “Do you like the boy that is talking to Julia ?” he asked.
49) “Has Bill shown the kitchen plans to you yet?” she asked him.
50) “What are you doing these days?” he asked me.
51) “How long have you both been living here?” he asked.
52) “Who left the bag here?” he asked him.
53) “What will you be doing this time tomorrow?” he asked her.
54) “When will we know the exam results,” she asked the teacher.
55) “Where do you get your daily paper?” he asked.
56) “What makes a noise like that?” he wondered.
57) “Did you have a long argument on this point?” he asked.
58) “Which newspaper carried the article?” she asks.
59) “Did the boys look smart in their school uniforms?” she asked him.
60) “You don’t like Chinese food, do you?” he asked.
Unit 5
4. Report the following commands, requests, and suggestions. Change an introductory verb, if necessary.
61) “We’ll pay for the damage,” they told us.
62) “Don’t forget to do the washing-up,” Mum said to me.
63) “We should send some money to David,” he proposed.
64) “I’ll definitely finish the work by the end of the week,” he said.
65) “Could I speak to the manager, please?” he said.
66) “Don’t throw old wine away, you can always use it for cooking,” she said.
67) “To make tea taste better, warm the tea-leaves before you use them,” she advised.
68) “I think you had better phone the police,” she told him.
69) “Come and see me after the lecture,” the professor said to the student.
70) “I really must have a rest,” Laura said.
71) “All right. I won’t talk about tennis,” Paul said to his friends.
72) “Do have a drink,” Clara told us.
73) “Shall I talk to him?” he asked.
74) “Why don’t you come to the mountains with me next weekend?” he said to her.
75) “Please, don’t tell mother,” she begged him.
76) “You lied to me,” Frank said to Ann.
77) “Don’t ever offer a cigar to Al,” he said to Jim.
78) “I wonder if you could pass the spinach to me?” she said to him.
79) “I’ll punish you if you behave badly,” Dad told the boy.
80) “I’m sorry I forgot to call you,” Steve said.
81) “I’m the best volleyball player in the school,” Martin told me.
82) “Drive carefully,” she told him.
83) “Yes, I took the documents,” she told him.
84) “Shall I help you with the cooking?” she said.
85) “Stand to attention!” he commanded the soldiers.
Unit 6
5. Turn the following sentences with the modals into Reported Speech.
86) “You should do as you are told,” she said.
87) “How should I have answered?” he said.
88) “We can meet next week,” she told him.
89) “I may call you,” she said to them.
90) “How shall I start the investigation?” he asked them.
91) “Shall I carry the bag for you?” he said.
92) “You must be back at ten sharp,” she told him.
93) “He must be a liar,” she said.
94) “You needn’t feed the dog. I’ve already done it,” he said.
95) “You had better phone him,” she said.
96) “I could run very fast when I was a boy,” he said.
97) “You may leave early,” he told her.
98) “One day I’ll be able to afford a car,” she said.
99) “You ought to send them a letter of apology,” he said.
100) “Did you have to walk all the way home?” he asked her.
Total: 100/_______
Unit 1 SEQUENCE OF TENSES
By the term sequence of tenses is meant the relationship of tense forms of verbs in a sentence.
The verb of a subordinate clause is made to agree with a principal verb according to the following rules:
1. Principal verbs in the present or the future tenses take subordinate verbs in any tense:
He says he has to go/ will go/ had to go.
He will understand that he has been in the wrong/was in the wrong.
2. Principal verbs in the past-time tenses should be followed by subordinate verbs that denote past time (Past Indefinite, Past Perfect, Past Continuous or Future-in-the-Past):
He said he had to go/ would go.
He said that he had won.
He had tried hard in order that he might win.
3. If the subordinate clause expresses a general truth – a fact that is true for all time – a past tense in a principal clause may be followed by a present tense in a subordinate clause:
John said that Minsk is the capital of Belarus.
The rules of Sequence of Tenses are not characteristic of Russian, and these differences in the language systems cause some problems in translation. Cf.:He said (that) Mary translated Он сказал, что Мэри переводит
articles without a dictionary. статьи без словаря.
He said (that) Mary was translating Он сказал, что Мэри переводит
the article in her room. статью в своей комнате.
He said (that) Mary would give me Он сказал, что Мэри даст ему
the article when she translated it. статью, когда она ее
переведет.
Он сказал, что пишет ей письма He said (that) he wrote to her daily.
каждый день.
Он сказал, что он сейчас ей пишет He said (that) he was writing a letter
письмо. to her.
Он сказал, что он написал ей He said (that) he had written to
об этом. her about it.
The rules of Sequence of Tenses are especially active in Reported Speech when speakers need to introduce grammatical changes to show the differences between their current situation and the situation they are reporting.
Besides the change of the tense forms there are some other special strategies in indirect speech: changing time and place references, personal pronouns and reporting verbs. The basic rules for forming indirect, or Reported Speech are presented below.
E x e r c i s e s
1.Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form.
1) I knew they (to wait) for me at the metro station and I decided to hurry.
2) I didn’t know that you already (to wind) up the clock.
3) I was afraid that the little girl (not be able) to unlock the front door and (to go) upstairs to help her.
4) Mark understood why Tom (not to come) the previous evening.
5) He stopped and listened: the clock (to strike) six.
6) They realized that they (to lose) their way in the dark.
7) When the bus (to stop) I (to look) out of the window but (not to see) my brother there. I (to send) him a telegram and I (to think) that he (to meet) me.
8) I found out that he (not to know) German at all.
9) I learnt that my cousin (to receive) a very interesting offer from his firm.
10) My niece wrote in her letter that she (to come) to stay with us.
11) I think the weather (to be) fine next week. I hope it (not to change) for the worse.
12) She hoped that her boyfriend (to come) to see her.
13) I suppose they (to send) a dog after the burglar immediately.
14) When I came to the station I saw my cousin. I understood that he (to miss) the 6 o’clock train.
15) We didn’t know where our friends (to go) every evening.
16) Shakespeare wrote that all the world (to be) a stage.
2.Translate from Russian into English.
1) Простите, мы не думали, что вы ждете нас.
2) Я думаю, что вы опоздаете в кино.
3) Мы решили на прошлой неделе, что будущим летом мы все поедем на Канарские острова.
4) Я был уверен, что вы не подведете меня.
5) Я не знал, что ты уже вернулся в Манчестер.
6) Он боялся, что ему будет трудно сделать доклад.
7) Секретарь не заметил, что директор с кем-то разговаривает.
8) Когда я увидел Марту, я понял, что она чем-то расстроена. Она сказала, что заболела ее мать.
9) Я была удивлена, когда узнала, что Марк не сдал экзамен. Он говорил, что долго к нему готовился.
10) В больнице я узнал, что у меня вторая группа крови.
UNIT 2 Reported Speech. MEANING AND USE
1. Direct Speech is the exact words someone said: “I’ll go to London,” she said. Quotation marks (“…”) are used in Direct speech.
Reported Speech is the exact meaning of what someone said but not the exact words: She said she would go to London. Quotation marks are not used in Reported Speech.
2. The verbs most commonly used to introduce the Reported Speech are to tell and to say.
The verb tell is used to mention the hearer (the person spoke to): Sarah’s boss told her she could leave early. Daniel tells me he is ready.
The verb tell is used without an indirect object (e.g. her, me) only in the expressions tell a story, tell the truth, tell a lie, tell the time, tell you so.
The verb say is used when one doesn’t mention the hearer: Sarah’s boss said she could leave earlier. Daniel says he is ready.
Sometimes to is used after say, especially when the words are not reported: The boss wanted to say something to Sarah. What did Matthew say to you?
3. In order to interpret what we hear or read the following verbs can be used:
Introductory verbs Direct Speech Reported Speech
| Verb + to-inf. | ||||||||||
| Agree | “Yes, I’ll help you.” | He agreed to help me | ||||||||
| Offer | “Shall I open the door?” | He offered to open the door. | ||||||||
| Promise | “Of course I’ll pay you.” | He promised to pay me. | ||||||||
| Refuse | “No, I won’t go with you.” | He refused to go with us. | ||||||||
| Threaten | “I’ll punish you.” | He threatened to punish me. | ||||||||
| Verb + sb. + to-inf. | ||||||||||
| Advise | “You should see a lawyer.” | He advised me to see a lawyer. | ||||||||
| Ask | “Could you help me?” | He asked me to help him. | ||||||||
| Beg | “Please, don’t hurt her.” | He begged me not to hurt her. | ||||||||
| Command | “Stand up!” | He commanded to stand up. | ||||||||
| Invite | “Will you go out with me?” | He invited me to go out with him. | ||||||||
| Order | “Leave the cat!” | He ordered me to leave the cat. | ||||||||
| Remind | “Don’t forget to ring Ann.” | She reminded me to ring Ann. | ||||||||
| Warn | “Don’t go near her.” | She warned me not to go near her. | ||||||||
| Verb + gerund | ||||||||||
| Admit | “Yes, I did it.” | He admitted doing/having done it. | ||||||||
| Accuse sb. of | “You took the money.” | He accused me of taking/ having taken the money. | ||||||||
| Apologise for | “I’m sorry I came so late.” | He apologised for coming/having come so late. | ||||||||
| Boast of/about | “I’m the fastest of all.” | He boasted of/about being the fastest of all. | ||||||||
| Complain to sb. of | “I have a toothache.” | He complained to me of having a toothache. | ||||||||
| Deny | “I didn’t take the book.” | He denied taking/having taken the book. | ||||||||
| Insist on | “You must come with us.” | He insisted on me/my going with them. | ||||||||
| (Say one) prefers | “I’d rather do it myself.” | He said he preferred doing/to do it himself. | ||||||||
| Suggest | “Let’s have a party.” | He suggested having a party. | ||||||||
| Verb + that clause | ||||||||||
| Agree | “Yes, it’s a big house.” | He agreed that it was a big house. | ||||||||
| Complain | “You’re always lying to me.” | He complained that I was always lying to him. | ||||||||
| Deny | “I didn’t take that book.” | He denied that he had taken the book. | ||||||||
| Explain | “That’s why I didn’t take it.” | He explained to me why/that he hadn’t taken it. | ||||||||
| Exclaim/ remark | “What a sunny day it is.” | He exclaimed/remarked that it was a sunny day. | ||||||||
| Promise | “Of course I’ll help you.” | He promised that he would help me. | ||||||||
| Suggest | “You’d better see a doctor. | He suggested that I (should) see a doctor. | ||||||||
Note: admit, advise, boast, insist, threaten, warn, remind can also be followed by a that-clause in Reported Speech.