50) We had to stop at the frontier but we didn’t need to open our cases.
51) We didn’t need to walk. He took us in his car.
52) My employer said, ‘I won’t need your work tomorrow’.
53) Most people think that civil servants do not need to work very hard.
54) Need we vote?
12.
55) They were to have started on Saturday but they changed their minds and started on Sunday.
56) She was to have worn that nice dress at the party but she has burnt it while ironing.
57) He was to have joined us in our trip but something urgent came up in his office.
58) They were to have treated me to a ballet but I caught a cold and didn’t go.
59) He was to have taken his child fishing but they went to a picnic.
60) She was to have kept her birthday party but that day she was away.
13. .
61) Needn’t, 62) Mustn’t, 63) Must hurry; mustn’t, 64) Had to, 65) Have to, 66) Needn’t.
14.
67) Tom shouldn’t have driven on the wrong side of the road.
68) He should have been careful while crossing the road.
69) She should have hired a taxi.
70) She shouldn’t have left her umbrella at home.
15.
71) Why shouldn’t you go to the dean’s office to tell him all about your problems in your group? /Why should I go to the dean’s office?
72) Why shouldn’t you go to the station to meet your friend?
73) Why shouldn’t you want to help your friend?
74) How should I know the reasons?
75) To think that it should have happened!
16.
76) Would, 77) Shall, would, 78) Shall, 79) Won’t, 80) Shall not, 81) Shall, 82) Would.
17. .
83) She must have lost her address.
84) You ought to follow my advice.
85) To think that she should have accepted that offer.
86) Why should I do this?
87) To think that it should have come to this!
88) It is queer that such troubles should have happened to her.
89) If you should see Ann, tell her all about it.
90) You shall listen to my orders!
91) Can't she have failed to get my letter?
92) You might have asked your sister's advice (consulted your sister).
93) He might be afraid of being given an injection.
94) I needn't have waited for the end of this programme.
95) We settled (agreed) that you were not to say anything!
96) You shall not move! You shall stay were you are!
97) He might have been taken into hospital.
98) This will be the house, I hope (I think).
99) She doesn't have to be present during our conversation.
100) Why should I speak to her?!
Review Exercises
1. 1) Will have to; 2) haven’t been able to make; 3) had to get; 4) wasn’t allowed to; 5) haven’t been allowed to work; 6) have had to report.
2.
1) should 2) couldn’t 3) can’t 4) can 5) could 6) shouldn’t 7) may 8) should 9) shall 10) may 11) couldn’t 12) should 13) should
4.
1) should 2) will have to 3) Must 4) Must 5) Should have 6) Must 7) will have to 8) should 9) should 10) had to
5. 1) may, 2) must, 3) mustn’t 4) mustn’t, 5) may, 6) could, 7) couldn’t, 8) may, 9) may, 10) can, 11) can’t have taken, 12) must, 13) may have left, 14) must have met
6. 1-a 2-b 3-b 4-b 5-a 6-b.
7.
1) It is odd that the new trainee should hand in his notice already.
2) It is normal that some students should feel a little homesick in their first week here.
3) It is incredible that he should complain now, right at the end of his course? .
4) It is important that children should be taught the difference between right and wrong.
5) It is strange that she should have left without saying anything.
6) It is not insisted that you should let your feelings run away with you.
7) A bystander warned that we should go to the police.
8. Could /might; can’t; can; must; mustn’t/shouldn’t/oughtn’t to; might/could; will have to; will; ought to; should; might / could; might; should ; needn’t; will/shall; shall; must; would; mustn’t/can’t; must/should/ought to; won’t; should/ought to; would; will
1. ….
1) Can 2) Is not able 3) Can 4) Could. Can 5) Can, can’t 6) Couldn’t 7) Was able to 8) Managed to 9) Couldn’t 10) Managed to
2. …. .
11) Can you see that man over there?
12) I can smell something burning.
13) I could understand.
14) Could you understand?
15) I can’t see anything.
3.
16) I could skate before I was five.
17) I hope one day we can meet again in more favourable circumstances.
18) It can be very cold here in March.
19) Some supermarket beef can be rather tough.
20) In the end we could communicate with a sign language.
21) If you don’t feel you can make a contribution, just say so.
4. .
22) Could 23) was able to 24) to be able to 25) can 26) be able to
5.
27) may 28) can 29) may 30) might 31) might 32) could.
6. .
33) You might have had the prescription made up on the way home:
34) You might have warned me about a change in the time-table.
35) You might have come to see me when I was ill.
36) You might have bought some oranges at the market.
37) You might have been more polite to the aged.
38) You might have stopped interfering in my affairs.
7.
39) Irene may have taken it with her.
40) She may have gone to a dentist.
41) I may have been keeping to a strict diet of salads and very little meat too long.
42) His pain may have been bothering him too long.
8.
43) He must have got all he needed.
44) She must be ill.
45) The boy must be reading something funny. He was smiling all the time.
46) The hotel rates must be very high in summer.
47) Jim must be taken ill with flue.
48) They must have never realized what opportunity they were losing.
9.
49) He is certain to put up at a hotel.
50) They will probably come and see me here.
51) You will probably see the ceremony with your own eyes.
52) Penny is certain to be x-rayed tomorrow.
53) ‘You’ll probably see Westminster Abbey and Westminster Palace with its largest clock in the country and the famous bell Big Ben. ’
54) He is certain to give you a piece of advice
55) Evidently, they won’t visit London next year.
10.
56) Must
57) Might
58) Must
59) May
60) Must
61) Must
11. .
62) You needn’t have bought…….
63) Impossible.
64) Imp.
65) You needn’t have come and picked me up; I could have got a taxi.
66) You needn’t have slept on the ………
67) I needn’t have used cash; I had my credit card with me after all.
12. .
68) a)It wasn’t arranged; b)it was an unfulfilled action.
69) a)It was an arranged plan; b)it was an unfulfilled action in the past.
13. .
70) Mustn’t 71) Will have to 72) Needn’t have come 73) Was 74) Was 75) Must 76) will have to
14. .
77) ~ He suggested that I should go to Italy.
78) ~ She ordered that I should stay in bed
79) ~ She advised that I shouldn’t work so hard.
80) ~ Why should I do it?
81) ~ How should I know him?
82) ~ If you should see her, tell her all about it.
15. .
83) should 84) shall not/will not 85) shouldn’t 86) won’t 87) will 88) will 89) shall 90) shall 91) should 92) should 93) will 94) will
16.
95) He shouldn’t have kept us waiting
96) This issue should have been solved long ago.
97) You ought to pay more attention to this work. It is very important
98) He suggested that the meeting should be held at 5 o’clock.
99) We insisted that they three should leave the city.
100) Accidents will happen.
MOOD. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
Entry Test
Unit 3-4
1. 1) с 2) a 3) c 4) a 5) c 6) b 7) a 8) c 9) a 10) b
2. 11) see, will tell 12) don’t hurry, will miss 13) go, shall take 14) receives, will phone 15) as soon as 16) unless 17) phone, will pick 18) changed would earn 19) lived, would do 20) stay, will get
3. 21) would say 22) told 23) would say 24) were 25) would think 26) were 27) saved 28) wouldn’t be 29) planned 30) planned 31) would have better 32) had 33) wouldn’t go 34) would buy 35) would feel 36) wouldn’t buy 37) gave 38) wouldn’t enjoy 39) were able 40) would be 41) knew 42) wouldn’t like 43) will go 44) wouldn’t say 45) were 46) care 47) will see 48) would like
4. 49) had come, would have seen 50) would meet, didn’t go 51) hadn’t known, would have married 52) would have been, had happened 53) had been, would have gone 54) had come, would have enjoyed 55) would have got 56) had known, wouldn’t get 57) had been, wouldn’t be able 58) had been, wouldn’t have been
6. 64) had left 65) would have been 66) hadn’t done 67) would have had 68) were 69) would steal 70) thought 71) would leave
72) he turned up (would turn up) 73) if only all my money hadn’t been lost 74) he had 75) it were snowing (it weren’t snowing) 76) you had kept 77) would come 78) would go 79) hadn’t done 80) stopped 81) you would come
82) I wish it wouldn’t rain tomorrow.
83) If you had phoned me yesterday, I would have taken your books.
84) I shall let my son go there, if he gives up this idea.
85) I wish you could understand it.
86) If I were you, I wouldn’t pay so much attention to this problem.
87) I wish it weren’t so cold today.
88) If you had taken this medicine, you would be well today.
89) We’ll be staying in the café while they are going shopping.
90) He wouldn’t have failed his exam if he had worked harder.
91) I’ll send him a telegram if he doesn’t come tomorrow.
92) I wish she had already arrived.
93) I’ll address him until I have found the solution of this problem.
94) He wished he knew the girl’s address.
95) If I were you, I would have never spoken to her in such a tone.
96) If she didn’t love him, she wouldn’t have followed him.
97) He was the first to speak I wish you had heard him speaking.
98) Now they are laughing at me. I wish I hadn’t shown them these poems.
99) If you had warned me beforehand I would have never gone there.
100) I wish they hadn’t parted. They had always been a nice couple.
Unit 3
8.
1) so long 2) unless 3) provided (that)/as long as/so long as 4) in case 5) provided (that)/as long as/so long as 6) supposing 7) provided (that) 8) provided (that)
Review Exercises
10.
1) had got, wouldn’t need 2) had listened/had been listening, would have heard 3) would have had, hadn’t left 4) were, wouldn’t keep on 5) hear, think 6) stand, will be 7) hold, will be 8) would climb, could get 9) sees/saw, will/would call 10) would make, didn’t worry 11) move, will be 12) hadn’t been/weren’t, wouldn’t have broken
Progress Test
1. 1) d 2) f 3) I 4) b 5) e 6) c 7) h 8) j
2. 9) a 10) g 11) a 12) c 13) a 14) b 15) b 16) a 17) b 18) a
3. 19) would visit 20) correct 21) had 22) is 23) wouldn’t have missed 24) had 25) had been 26) correct 27) hadn’t decided 28) hadn’t gone
4. 29) were 30) would you choose 31) would get 32) didn’t have 33) would have 34) would be able 35) would you try 36) managed 37) would try 38) would try 39) tried 40) would fall 41) had 42) would want 43) would you catch 44) didn’t have 45) would be 46) wouldn’t hurt 47) didn’t eat 48) would either of you be 49) would find 50) didn’t speak 51) would enjoy 52) would begin
5.
53) She wouldn’t have fallen, if it had not been so slippery.
54) If I were you, I would have been chosen the green one.
55) Our team would have won the game, if they had trained a lot.
56) He would have come to your place, if he hadn’t been ill.
58) I wish it were summer now.
59) I wish I had been not so modest.
60) If only I hadn’t been made redundant.
6.
61) If you were not so busy we would go out.
62) I would have never thought it had been possible if I hadn’t seen this with my own eyes.
63) If only he were here.
64) Such a strange thought would have never come to my mind but for the suspicious behavior of this man.
65) But for you I would have never written this article.
66) I would feel so awkward now if I had followed the advice of this man.
67) But for you I would have never managed this work.
68) Even if I kept the letters I would never show them to you.
69) If he knew you were in hospital now, he would surely visit you.
70) I will tell him all the news as soon as I see him.
71) In case (on condition) you pay more attention to the language, you’ll achieve much success.
72) If I were you, I would always speak English.
73) If I were there, I would ring Ann.
74) If I see Con, I’ll ask her to phone you.
75) If I had known it would rain, you should have taken an umbrella with you.
76) Charles would write you if he knew your address.
77) If you hadn’t phoned Carol, everything would be all right.
78) I wish we hadn’t come so late.
79) Even if she had got a bad mark for her exam, she would have gone with us.
80) Sue would look more attractive if she changed the haircut.
81) If I were you, I wouldn’t go there.
82) I wish you had taken this possibility.
83) You wouldn’t have missed this train if you had taken a taxi.
84) What are you going to do tomorrow? If the weather is nice, we’ll go to the beach.
85) He won’t come if his sister isn’t better.
86) If he were not so absent-minded he wouldn’t have lost his books.
87) Even if he had passed the exam he wouldn’t have gone to the theatre with us.
88) We wouldn’t have gone to this shop if we had known the prices.
89) Alice wouldn’t give me such presents if she didn’t love me.
90) What would you buy if you were given a thousand dollars?
91) I wish all the tickets hadn’t been sold yet.
92) If I were you, I would have checked the facts before writing the letter.
93) You’ll see him together with Paula if you stay for some time.
94) You would have never entered the Historical Faculty if you didn’t like History.
95) I will be able to buy the books on condition you lend me some money.
96) I wish she could go to London with us.
97) You should have told him the truth. You wouldn’t have had such an unpleasantness.
98) If you listened to your father’s opinion, you wouldn’t have got into trouble.
99) I wish my parents saw this.
100) On condition my son studies well, I’ll buy him a new bicycle.
SEQUENCE OF TENSES AND REPORTED SPEECH
Entry test
Unit 1
1) didn’t know 2) knew 3) moves 4) were travelling 5) had got 6) will be put off 7) was 8) would mature 9) would travel 10) would be still working up
Unit 3
11) Tessa said (that) there is/was too much violence on TV.
12) He said to her (that) if the taxi-driver arrived late she would miss her flight.
13) Sam said (that) he would travel abroad if he had enough money.
14) Mrs Brown said to her husband (that) she had been shopping and added that she had bought him a pair of nice shoes.
15) He said to her (that) he had eaten nothing for two days and was dying of hunger.
16) She said (that) the Earth is a planet.
17) He told the reporters (that) he had been training hard recently.
18) She complained that while the workers had been repairing the roof, they had broken the bathroom window.
19) Jim said (that) he thought he had failed the Intelligence Test.
20) He complained that Sarah never listened to him.
21) Olivia said (that) they were the boys who had chased her.
22) She said (that) she had been waiting for a long time.
23) They said (that) they had come by car.
24) Margaret said (that) she had finished the letters you had asked her to write.
25) She said to her husband (that) her money had run out.
26) He said to her (that) he had been waiting for her in the hall.
27) He said to me today (that) he is/was going to Lancaster in May.
28) She said to him (that) she had gone to a bullfight during her stay in Spain.
29) He said (that) he tried to avoid working overtime.
30) She said to him (that) the baby would probably be walking and talking by the next time he came.
31) She said to him (that) she was going to tell the whole story to the police.
32) He said (that) he had bought a present for her.