Çð÷-¦¨î `one or two`, Çð÷-ÃðóÐð, ÃðóÐð-µððÜ, µððÜ-Ñððûµð, Ñððûµð-¶: etc.
Ççð -Ñððüµð, Ççð-×ðóçð, Ççð-ÑðÐ͸ð, ×ðóçð-Ñðµµðóçð, ×ðóçð-Ãðóçð, Ãðóçð-ÑðøüÃðóçð, Ãðóçð-µððâðóçð-ÑðøüÃððâðóçð, µððâðóçð-Ñðµððçð, Ñðµððçð-ÑðµðÑðÐð, Ñðµððçð-çðð¿.
çððø-çðãðð-çððø, çððø-À÷Áÿ çððø, çððø-Çð÷ çððø, Çð÷ Áðýá çððø, Çð÷-ÃðóÐð çððø.
¡¨÷îâðð and ¦¨îð¨îó both meaning `lonely, single`, and Çô¨÷îâðð meaning `not alone, not lonely, companioned (by one person)» are noteworthy.
¡ðÏðð, ¡¨÷îâðð and Çô¨÷îâðð are affected by Gender, Number and Case like ordinary ¡ð-ending Adjectives:
¡ðÏðó, ¡ðÏð÷, ¡¨÷îâðó, ¡¨÷îâð÷, Çô¨÷îâðó, Çô¨÷îâð÷ etc.
¦¨îð¨îó has ¦¨îðò¨îÐðó in Feminine. çðøü¨îÀÿð changes to çðøü¨îÀÿ÷ in Plural and Oblique.
The following Adjectives denote indefinite number:
¨ôî¶ `some, a few` (also quantity `a little`) (111-ii).
×ðèôÃð `many, a large number` (also quantity `much, a great deal`).
×ðèôÃð-çð÷ `a good many, several`.See:- çðð intensifies when used with quantitative Adjectives:
×ðèôÃð-çðð `a great deal, Æðð÷Àð-çðð `just a little, Æðð÷Àÿ÷ `a few`.
ÆððÀÿÿ÷-çð÷ `only a few`. See:- çðð intensifies when used with quantitative Adjectives:
×ðèôÃð-çðð `a great deal, Æðð÷Àð-çðð `just a little,
¨îýá `many, several`.
¨îýá ¦¨î `several`.
çð×ð `all`,
çðØðó `all` (emphatic).
çððÜ÷ `all`.
¡ðøÜ `more, additional`.
A numeral repeated denotes `...........at a time` or `........per piece, per head, per day` etc.:
Çð÷-Çð÷ âðÀÿ¨îð÷ü ¨îð÷ ¡ðÐð÷ Çð÷ `let two boys come at a time`.
¦¨î ¦¨î âðÀÿ¨÷î ¨îð÷ ÃðóÐð-ÃðóÐð Òîâð Çð÷ `give three fruits to each boy`.
¦¨î-¦¨î ¡ðÙð Çð÷-Çð÷ ¡ðÐð÷ Ùð÷ü òÙðâðÃðð èø `mangoes are selling two annas a piece`.
But ¦¨î-¦¨î means also `all, every one, each one`:
Ùðøü ¦¨î-¦¨î ¨îð÷ Ç÷®ð âðõü±ðð `I will see each one (of you)!,
¡ð÷ü attached to a numeral denotes aggregation. In case of Çð÷, Ððð÷ü instead of ¡ð÷ü is attached:
Çð÷Ððð÷ü both
ÃðóÐðð÷ü all the three
µððÜð÷ü all the four
Ñððûµðð÷ü all the five
¶èð÷ü all the six
çððÃðð÷ü all the seven
¡ð¿ð÷ü all the eight
Ððãðð÷ü all the nine
Ççðð÷ü all the ten
×ðóçðð÷ü all the twenty
Ãðóçðð÷ü all the thirty.
These are not Plurals, but `aggregatives`.
These forms are not affected by Gender and Case:
âðÀÿ¨îð÷ü Ðð÷, âðÀÿ¨îð÷ü ¨îð÷, âðÀÿò¨îÚðð÷ü çð÷, âðÀÿò¨îÚðð÷ü ¨îð÷ etc.
A large but indefinite number is denoted by ÇòçðÚðð÷ü `tens`, ×ðóòçðÚðð÷ü `twenties, scores`, ÑðµµðóòçðÚðð÷ü, Ñðµððçðð÷ü, çðøü¨îÀð÷ü, è¸ððÜð÷ü, âðð®ðð÷ü, ¨îÜð÷Àÿð÷ü, (but Ãðóçðð÷ü, µððâðóçðð÷ü çðð¿ð÷ü etc. are not used).
These forms which may be called `Multitudinous`, are not affected by Gender and Case. Notice the difference between Ççðð÷ü and ÇòçðÚðð÷ü, ×ðóçðð÷ü and ×ðóòçðÚðð÷ü etc. Ççðð÷ü denotes `several tens`, ×ðóçðð÷ü denotes `all twenty`, ×ðóòçðÚðð÷ü denotes `several scores`.
Nouns signifying duration, and those signifying measure, weight etc. assume similar forms when a large and indefinite number or quantity is denoted (83). This ¡ð÷ü may be regarded as the obliquePlural sign used for the direct Plural (93).
ÙðèóÐðð÷ü ×ðóÃð ±ð¦ `a number of months passed`.
×ðÜçðð÷ü èð÷ ±ðÚð÷ `a number of years elapsed`.
ÙðÐðð÷ü ÇõÏð `maunds and maunds of milk`,
±ððòÀÿÚðð÷ü ¡Ððð¸ð `cart-loads of grain`,
¾ð÷¨îòÜÚðð÷ü Òîâð `basketfuls of fruits`,
ÙðÐðð÷ü, ±ððòÀÿÚðð÷ü and ¾ð÷¨îòÜÚðð÷ü are, obviously, adjectival.
But all these Nouns can have only the direct Plural form when preceded by a numeral or by an Adjective denoting an indefinite number. Thus ÃðóÐð ÙðèóÐð÷, ¨îýá ×ðÜçð. Nouns denoting measure etc., when preceded by a numeral, from their Plural in accordance with 145-b: Çð÷ ÙðÐð ÇõÏð, ÃðóÐð ±ððÀÿó ¡Ððð¸ð etc.
Ordinals: The first nine ordinals are -
Ñðèâðð `first`, ÇõçðÜð `second`,
ÃðóçðÜð `third`, µððøÆðð `fourth`,
Ñððûµðãððû `fifth`, ¶¾ð `sixth`,
çððÃðãððû `seventh` ¡ð¿ãððû `eithth`,
Ððãððû `ninth`, Ççðãððû `tenth`,
±ÚððÜèãððû `eleventh`, ×ððÜèãððû `twelfth`,
×ðóçðãððû `twentieth`, ý©¨îóçðãððû `twenty-first`,
Ñðµððçðãððû `fiftieth`, çððøãððû `hundredth`.
From seven onwards ãððû is added to numerals.
These are affected by Gender, Number and Case like ordinary
¡ð-ending Adjectives :
Ñðèâðó, Ñðèâð÷, µððøÆðó, µððøÆð÷ etc.
They can be used as Pronouns:
ÇõçðÜð `another, besides, the second`,
ÃðóçðÜð `the third.`
The Sanskrit ordinals ÑßÆðÙð `first`, òÎÃðóÚð `second`, ÃðöÃðóÚð `third` etc. are also in use, particularly in literary Hindi: ÑßÆðÙð å÷Âðó `first division`, µðÃðôÆðá ¨îêðð `fourth class` (in a school), ëðÚðð÷Çäð Ñðòܵ¶÷Ç `the thirteenth chapter` etc.
Both Sanskrit and Hindi ordinals are in use for denoting the dates of each half of the month (according to the Indian calendar).
The dates of the bright half of the month are referred to by prefixing the word äðô©âðð or by appending the word çðôÇó to the numeral. For referring to dates of the dark half, the word ¨öîæÂðð is prefixed, or the word ãðÇó appended.
The first of each half is ÑßòÃðÑðÇð (Skt.) or ÑðÀÿãðð, ÑðòÜãðð, ÑðÜãðð (Hindi). The fifteenth of the dark half (i.e. the new-moon day) is ¡ÙððãðçÚðð or ¡Ùððãðçð (Skt. ¡ÙððãðçÚðð) and of the bright half (i.e. the full-moon day) is ÑðõòÂðáÙðð, ÑðõÂðáÙððçðó (Skt.) ÑðõÜÐðÙððçðó or ÑðõÐðð÷ü. The remaining thirteen days of each half are named as follows:-
Sanskrit Hindi
2nd òÎÃðóÚðð Îø¸ð, Çõ¸ð
3rd ÃðöÃðóÚðð Ãðó¸ð
5th ÑðµðÙðó Ñððüµð÷ü
6th æðæ¿ó ¶ÿ¿
7th çðÑÃðÙðó çððÃð÷ü
8th ¡æ¾Ùðó ¡ð¿÷ü
9th ÐðãðÙðó ÐððøÙðó
10th ÇäðÙðó ÇçðÙðó
11th ¦¨îðÇäðó ¦¨îðÇçðó
12th ÎðÇäðó ÎðÇçðó
13th ëðÚðð÷Çäðó Ãð÷Üçð
14th µðÃðôÇáäðó µððøÇçð
Some of tthe Hindi names given above are only used in certain area and in others ÑðüòµðÙðó, çðòÃðÙðó, ¡òæ¾Ùðó, ÇôãððÇçðó etc. are prevalent.
Dates of the months according to the Western calendar are denoted by the regular Feminine forms of the Hindi ordinal: Ñðèâðó, ÇõçðÜó, ÃðóçðÜó etc. These are, of course, Adjectives qualifyingthe Noun ÃððÜó®ð `date` which may be implied or expressed.
Ñðèâðð denotes also `foremost` or `most important`. With reference to `age` or `era`, it may denote `by-gone` or `early`: Ñðèâð÷ Úðô±ð (or ºðÙððÐð÷) Ùð÷ü `in the early (or by-gone) age`.
For denoting relative ages of brothers, sisters etc., the following Adjectives are inuse ×ðÀÿð (×ðÀÿó) `the eldest`, Ùðû»ðâðð (Ùðû»ðâðó) `second` (only in some Hindi areas), çðûü»ðâðð (çðû»ðâðó) `the third`, ¶ð÷¾ð (¶ð÷¾ó) `the youngest`.
For denoting relative sizes, the following Adjectives are in use: ×ðÀÿð `big`, Ùðû»ðð÷âðð or Ùðû»ðâðð `middling`, ¶ð÷¾ð `small`,
For denoting position etc. the following Adjectives are used:
¡±ðâðð `fore, front`, òÑð¶ÿâðð `back, hind`, ò×ðµðâðð `middle, intermediate`
¡òÐÃðÙð `last`, ¡ðò®ÿðÜó `last, final`.
Multiplicatives are formed by attaching ±ðôÐðð (`multiplied by`) to the numerals. The numerals 2 to 8 are slightly modified: Çô±ðôÐðð, Çô±ðÐðð or ÇõÐðð `double`, òÃð±ðôÐðð `three-fold`, Ñðüµð±ðôÐðð `five -fold`, ¶ø±ðôÐðð `six -fold`, çðÃð±ðôÐðð `seven-fold`, ¡¿±ðôÐðð `eight-fold`. After ¡¿±ðôÐðð the forms are regular. Ðððø±ðôÐðð `nine-fold`, Ççð±ðôÐðð `ten-fold`, çððø±ðôÐðð `hundred-fold`.
These changes are like ordinary ¡ð -ending Adjectives in Feminine, Plural and oblique: òÃð±ðôÐðó, òÃð±ðôÐð÷ etc.
±ðôÐðð may be attached also to fractions (more than one):